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14.2: Human Skin Color Variation - Part I

  • Page ID
    138558
    • Katherine E. Brent & Sydney Quinn Chizmeshya
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    Human Skin Color Variation - Part 1

    Format: In-person or online


    A close-up photograph of human skin

    Author: Nelson, Katie

    Time needed: 60 minutes

    Learning Objectives

    • Describe and illustrate the cellular process that produces skin color.

    Supplies Needed

    • Internet access
    • Worksheet (provided)

    Readings

    Introduction

    The purpose of this activity is for students to understand the cellular process that produces skin color and the evolution of skin color variation. By doing so, students will be able to question ideas about the alleged biological basis of race. This is part one of a two part learning activity. In this part, students watch a short video produced by Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Biointeractive to learn about the biology of human skin color. Students summarize the content in the video and illustrate the cellular process that produces skin color. This part lays the foundation for the explorations of the evolution of skin color variation in part two.

    Steps

    1. In step one, students watch the video How We Get Our Skin Color produced by HHMI BioInteractive. This video describes how skin pigment is generated by skin cells as protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
    2. Students answer a series of questions designed to help them understand the process.
    3. Finally, students demonstrate what they have learned by drawing a diagram that summarizes the cellular process that produces skin color.

    Tips and Suggestions

    At the end of the second part of this activity, students explore the concept of non-concordance and skin color and some of the evidence of the biological fallacy of race. To support this, I recommend emphasizing that the cellular process of skin color production is the same for every human and that one’s baseline skin color is inherited independently of other genetically controlled genes.

    If desired (to shorten the time required), instructors may reduce the number of questions on the worksheets.

    Adapting for Online Learning

    1 Not adaptable 2 Possible to adapt 3 Easy to adapt

    For Further Exploration

    • American Anthropological Association. Understanding Race Project.
    • Jablonski, Nina G. 2012. Living Color: The Biological and Social Meaning of Skin Color. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    • Jablonski, Nina G. 2004. “The Evolution of Human Skin and Skin Color.” Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 585–623.

    References

    Fitzpatrick, Leslie E. 2019. Chapter 14: Human Variation: An Adaptive Significance Approach. In Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology, edited by Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera, and Lara Braff. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. http://explorations.americananthro.org/

    Rivera, Michael B.C. 2019.“Chapter 13: Race and Human Variation” In Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology, edited by Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera, and Lara Braff. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. http://explorations.americananthro.org/

    HHMI Biointeractive. The Biology of Skin Color. Narrated by Nina Joblanski. Chevy Chase, MD, HHMI Biointeractive, 2020. Video, 18:58.

    HHMI Biointeractive. How we Get our Skin Color. Narrated by Nina Joblanski. Chevy Chase, MD, HHMI Biointeractive, 2015. Video, 3:32.

    Image Attributions

    Human skin close-up by Montavius Howard (TongCreator), from Pixabay is in the public domain.

    Human Skin Color Variation Part 1 Worksheet

    Step One: Exploring the Biology of Skin Color

    Watch the video How We Get Our Skin Color produced by HHMI BioInteractive. This video describes how skin color is generated by skin cells as protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Then answer the following questions. You may wish to watch the video several times or pause the video as you complete your answers.

    1. Draw a simple diagram that illustrates this entire process of skin pigment production, as described in the video. Your diagram must include the following terms: malanosomes, melanin, tyrosine, keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. Your diagram does not necessarily need to be artistically beautiful, but should demonstrate your understanding of this process. Be sure to label each part and process. You are welcome to write descriptions of processes in the margins of the diagram.

    Diagram: skin pigment production





























    This page titled 14.2: Human Skin Color Variation - Part I is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Katherine E. Brent & Sydney Quinn Chizmeshya via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.