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10.14: The Global Gender Gap Report

  • Page ID
    5948
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    The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum. The 2014 report covers 144 major and emerging economies. The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality.

    Methodology

    The report’s Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gaps. The assumption is that women are strictly disadvantaged compared to men and as such, only measures where women are traditionally disadvantaged to men are used. Information about gender imbalances to the advantage of women is explicitly prevented from affecting the score.[1] So, for example, the indicator “number of years of a female head of state (last 50 years) over male value” would score 1 if the number of years was 25, but would still score 1 if the number of years was 50. Due to this methodology, gender gaps that favor women over men are reported as equality.

    The three highest ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap. It “assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities,” the Report says.[2] “By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men, the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers.”[2]

    The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 130 economies around the globe, over 93% of the world’s population:

    • Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment
    • Educational attainment – outcomes on access to basic and higher level education
    • Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
    • Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be less female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men parity is assumed, if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.[3]

    Thirteen out of the fourteen variables used to create the index are from publicly available “hard data” indicators from international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization.[4]

    WEF Global Gender Gap Index Rankings

    The highest possible score is 1 (equality or better for women, except for lifespan, 106% or better for women) and the lowest possible score is 0. Data for some countries are unavailable.[5][6][7]

    2014_Gender_gap_index_world_map,_Gender_Inequality_Distribution.svg.png
    Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) - The WEF Gender gap index world map for 2014[8]
    Country Region Year[note 1]
    2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015[8]
    alt
    Albania
    Europe 0.6607 0.6685 0.6591 0.6601 0.6726 0.6748 0.6655 0.6412 0.6869  
    alt
    Algeria
    Africa 0.6018 0.6068 0.6111 0.6119 0.6052 0.5991 0.6112 0.5966 0.6182  
    alt
    Angola
    Africa 0.6039 0.6034 0.6032 0.6353 0.6712 0.6624 N/A 0.6659 0.6311  
    alt
    Argentina
    South America 0.6829 0.6982 0.7209 0.7211 0.7187 0.7236 0.7212 0.7195 0.7317  
    alt
    Armenia
    Europe and Central Asia N/A 0.6651 0.6677 0.6619 0.6669 0.6654 0.6636 0.6634 0.6622  
    alt
    Australia
    Oceania 0.7163 0.7204 0.7241 0.7282 0.7271 0.7291 0.7294 0.7390 0.7409  
    alt
    Austria
    Europe 0.6986 0.7060 0.7153 0.7031 0.7091 0.7165 0.7391 0.7437 0.7266  
    alt
    Azerbaijan
    Europe and Central Asia N/A 0.6781 0.6856 0.6626 0.6446 0.6577 0.6546 0.6582 0.6753  
    alt
    Bahamas
    North America N/A N/A N/A 0.7179 0.7128 0.7340 0.7156 0.7128 0.7269  
    alt
    Bahrain
    Middle East 0.5894 0.5931 0.5927 0.6136 0.6217 0.6232 0.6298 0.6334 0.6261  
    alt
    Bangladesh
    South Asia 0.6270 0.6314 0.6531 0.6526 0.6702 0.6812 0.6684 0.6848 0.6973  
    alt
    Barbados
    North America N/A N/A 0.7188 0.7236 0.7176 0.7170 0.7232 0.7301 0.7289  
    alt
    Belgium
    Europe 0.7078 0.7198 0.7163 0.7165 0.7509 0.7531 0.7652 0.7684 0.7809  
    alt
    Belize
    North America N/A 0.6426 0.6610 0.6636 0.6536 0.6489 0.6465 0.6449 0.6701  
    alt
    Benin
    Africa 0.5780 0.5656 0.5582 0.5643 0.5719 0.5832 0.6258 0.5885 N/A  
    alt
    Bhutan
    South Asia N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6651 0.6364  
    alt
    Bolivia
    South America 0.6335 0.6574 0.6667 0.6693 0.6751 0.6862 0.7222 0.7340 0.7049  
    alt
    Botswana
    Africa 0.6897 0.6797 0.6839 0.7071 0.6876 0.6832 0.6744 0.6752 0.7129  
    alt
    Brazil
    South America 0.6543 0.6637 0.6737 0.6695 0.6655 0.6679 0.6909 0.6949 0.6941  
    alt
    Brunei Darussalam
    Southeast Asia N/A N/A 0.6392 0.6524 0.6748 0.6787 0.6750 0.6730 0.6719  
    alt
    Bulgaria
    Europe 0.6870 0.7085 0.7077 0.7072 0.6983 0.6987 0.7021 0.7097 0.7444  
    alt
    Burkina Faso
    Africa 0.5854 0.5912 0.6029 0.6081 0.6162 0.6153 0.6455 0.6513 0.6500  
    alt
    Burundi
    Africa N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.7270 0.7338 0.7397 0.7565  
    alt
    Cambodia
    Southeast Asia 0.6291 0.6353 0.6469 0.6410 0.6482 0.6464 0.6457 0.6509 0.6520  
    alt
    Cameroon
    Africa 0.5865 0.5919 0.6017 0.6108 0.6110 0.6073 0.6291 0.6560 N/A  
    alt
    Canada
    North America 0.7165 0.7198 0.7136 0.7196 0.7372 0.7407 0.7381 0.7425 0.7464  
    alt
    Cape Verde
    Africa N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.7180 0.7122 0.7133  
    alt
    Chad
    Africa 0.5247 0.5381 0.5290 0.5417 0.5330 0.5334 0.5594 0.5588 0.5764  
    alt
    Chile
    South America 0.6455 0.6482 0.6818 0.6884 0.7013 0.7030 0.6676 0.6670 0.6975  
    alt
    China
    East Asia 0.6561 0.6643 0.6878 0.6907 0.6881 0.6866 0.6853 0.6908 0.6830  
    alt
    Colombia
    South America 0.7049 0.7090 0.6944 0.6939 0.6927 0.6714 0.6901 0.7171 0.7122  
    alt
    Costa Rica
    North America 0.6936 0.7014 0.7111 0.7180 0.7194 0.7266 0.7225 0.7241 0.7165  
    alt
    Côte d’Ivoire
    Africa N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.5691 0.5773 0.5785 0.5814 0.5874  
    alt
    Croatia
    Europe 0.7145 0.7210 0.6967 0.6944 0.6939 0.7006 0.7053 0.7069 0.7075  
    alt
    Cuba
    North America N/A 0.7169 0.7195 0.7176 0.7253 0.7394 0.7417 0.7540 0.7317  
    alt
    Cyprus
    Europe and Middle East 0.6430 0.6522 0.6694 0.6706 0.6642 0.6567 0.6732 0.6801 0.6741  
    alt
    Czech Republic
    Europe 0.6712 0.6718 0.6770 0.6789 0.6850 0.6789 0.6767 0.6770 0.6737  
    alt
    Denmark
    Europe 0.7462 0.7519 0.7538 0.7628 0.7719 0.7778 0.7777 0.7779 0.8025  
    alt
    Dominican Republic
    North America 0.6639 0.6705 0.6744 0.6859 0.6774 0.6682 0.6659 0.6867 0.6906  
    alt
    Ecuador
    South America 0.6433 0.6881 0.7091 0.7220 0.7072 0.7035 0.7206 0.7389 0.7455  
    alt
    Egypt
    Middle East and Africa 0.5786 0.5809 0.5832 0.5862 0.5899 0.5933 0.5975 0.5935 0.6064  
    alt
    El Salvador
    North America 0.6837 0.6853 0.6875 0.6939 0.6596 0.6567 0.6630 0.6609 0.6863  
    alt
    Estonia
    Europe 0.6944 0.7008 0.7076 0.7094 0.7018 0.6983 0.6977 0.6997 0.7017  
    alt
    Ethiopia
    Africa 0.5946 0.5991 0.5867 0.5948 0.6019 0.6136 0.6200 0.6198 0.6144  
    alt
    Fiji
    Oceania N/A N/A N/A 0.6414 0.6256 0.6255 0.6285 0.6286 0.6286  
    alt
    Finland
    Europe 0.7958 0.8044 0.8195 0.8252 0.8260 0.8383 0.8451 0.8421 0.8453  
    alt
    France
    Europe 0.6520 0.6824 0.7341 0.7331 0.7025 0.7018 0.6984 0.7089 0.7588  
    alt
    Gambia, The
    Africa 0.6448 0.6421 0.6622 0.6752 0.6762 0.6763 0.6630 N/A N/A  
    alt
    Georgia
    Europe and Central Asia 0.6700 0.6665 0.6654 0.6680 0.6598 0.6624 0.6691 0.6750 0.6855  
    alt
    Germany
    Europe 0.7524 0.7618 0.7394 0.7449 0.7530 0.7590 0.7629 0.7583 0.7780  
    alt
    Ghana
    Africa 0.6653 0.6725 0.6679 0.6704 0.6782 0.6811 0.6778 0.6811 0.6661  
    alt
    Greece
    Europe 0.6540 0.6648 0.6727 0.6662 0.6908 0.6916 0.6716 0.6782 0.6784  
    alt
    Guatemala
    North America 0.6067 0.6144 0.6072 0.6209 0.6238 0.6229 0.6260 0.6304 0.6821  
    alt
    Guyana
    South America N/A N/A N/A 0.7108 0.7090 0.7084 0.7119 0.7085 0.7010  
    alt
    Honduras
    North America 0.6483 0.6661 0.6960 0.6893 0.6927 0.6945 0.6763 0.6773 0.6935  
    alt
    Hungary
    Europe 0.6698 0.6731 0.6867 0.6879 0.6720 0.6642 0.6718 0.6742 0.6759  
    alt
    Iceland
    Europe 0.7813 0.7836 0.7999 0.8276 0.8496 0.8530 0.8640 0.8731 0.8594 0.881
    alt
    India
    South Asia 0.6011 0.5936 0.6060 0.6151 0.6155 0.6190 0.6442 0.6551 0.6455 0.664
    alt
    Indonesia
    Southeast Asia 0.6541 0.6550 0.6473 0.6580 0.6615 0.6594 0.6591 0.6613 0.6725  
    alt
    Iran, Islamic Rep.
    Middle East 0.5803 0.5903 0.6021 0.5839 0.5933 0.5894 0.5927 0.5842 0.5811  
    alt
    Ireland
    Europe 0.7335 0.7457 0.7518 0.7597 0.7773 0.7830 0.7839 0.7823 0.7850  
    alt
    Israel
    Middle East 0.6889 0.6965 0.6900 0.7019 0.6957 0.6926 0.6989 0.7032 0.7005  
    alt
    Italy
    Europe 0.6456 0.6498 0.6788 0.6798 0.6765 0.6796 0.6729 0.6885 0.6973  
    alt
    Jamaica
    North America 0.7014 0.6925 0.6980 0.7013 0.7037 0.7028 0.7035 0.7085 0.7128  
    alt
    Japan
    East Asia 0.6447 0.6455 0.6434 0.6447 0.6524 0.6514 0.6530 0.6498 0.6584  
    alt
    Jordan
    Middle East 0.6109 0.6203 0.6275 0.6182 0.6048 0.6117 0.6103 0.6093 0.5968  
    alt
    Kazakhstan
    Central Asia 0.6928 0.6983 0.6976 0.7013 0.7055 0.7010 0.7213 0.7218 0.7210  
    alt
    Kenya
    Africa 0.6486 0.6508 0.6547 0.6512 0.6499 0.6493 0.6768 0.6803 0.7258  
    alt
    Korea, Rep.
    East Asia 0.6157 0.6409 0.6154 0.6146 0.6342 0.6281 0.6356 0.6351 0.6403  
    alt
    Kuwait
    Middle East 0.6341 0.6409 0.6358 0.6356 0.6318 0.6322 0.6320 0.6292 0.6457  
    alt
    Kyrgyz Republic
    Central Asia 0.6742 0.6653 0.7045 0.7058 0.6973 0.7036 0.7013 0.6948 0.6974  
    alt
    Laos
    Southeast Asia N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6993 0.7044  
    alt
    Latvia
    Europe 0.7091 0.7333 0.7397 0.7416 0.7429 0.7399 0.7572 0.7610 0.7691  
    alt
    Lebanon
    Middle East N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6084 0.6083 0.6030 0.6028 0.5923  
    alt
    Lesotho
    Africa 0.6807 0.7078 0.7320 0.7495 0.7678 0.7666 0.7608 0.7530 0.7255  
    alt
    Lithuania
    Europe 0.7077 0.7234 0.7222 0.7175 0.7132 0.7131 0.7191 0.7308 0.7208  
    alt
    Luxembourg
    Europe 0.6671 0.6786 0.6802 0.6889 0.7231 0.7216 0.7439 0.7410 0.7333  
    alt
    Macedonia
    Europe 0.6983 0.6967 0.6914 0.6950 0.6996 0.6966 0.6968 0.7013 0.6943  
    alt
    Madagascar
    Africa 0.6385 0.6461 0.6736 0.6732 0.6713 0.6797 0.6982 0.7016 0.7214  
    alt
    Malawi
    Africa 0.6437 0.6480 0.6664 0.6738 0.6824 0.6850 0.7166 0.7139 0.7281  
    alt
    Malaysia
    Southeast Asia 0.6509 0.6444 0.6442 0.6467 0.6479 0.6525 0.6539 0.6518 0.6520  
    alt
    Maldives
    South Asia N/A 0.6350 0.6501 0.6482 0.6452 0.6480 0.6616 0.6604 0.6557  
    alt
    Mali
    Africa 0.5996 0.6019 0.6117 0.5860 0.5680 0.5752 0.5842 0.5872 0.5779  
    alt
    Malta
    Europe 0.6518 0.6615 0.6634 0.6635 0.6695 0.6658 0.6666 0.6761 0.6707  
    alt
    Mauritania
    Africa 0.5835 0.6022 0.6117 0.6103 0.6152 0.6164 0.6129 0.5810 0.6029  
    alt
    Mauritius
    Africa 0.6328 0.6487 0.6466 0.6513 0.6520 0.6529 0.6547 0.6599 0.6541  
    alt
    Mexico
    North America 0.6462 0.6441 0.6441 0.6503 0.6577 0.6604 0.6712 0.6917 0.6900  
    alt
    Moldova
    Europe 0.7128 0.7172 0.7244 0.7104 0.7160 0.7083 0.7101 0.7037 0.7405  
    alt
    Mongolia
    East Asia 0.6821 0.6731 0.7049 0.7221 0.7194 0.7140 0.7111 0.7204 0.7212  
    alt
    Morocco
    Africa 0.5827 0.5676 0.5757 0.5926 0.5767 0.5804 0.5833 0.5845 0.5988  
    alt
    Mozambique
    Africa N/A 0.6883 0.7266 0.7195 0.7329 0.7251 0.7350 0.7349 0.7370  
    alt
    Namibia
    Africa 0.6864 0.7012 0.7141 0.7167 0.7238 0.7177 0.7121 0.7094 0.7219  
    alt
    Nepal
    Central Asia 0.5478 0.5575 0.5942 0.6213 0.6084 0.5888 0.6026 0.6053 0.6458  
    alt
    Netherlands
    Europe 0.7250 0.7383 0.7399 0.7490 0.7444 0.7470 0.7659 0.7608 0.7730  
    alt
    New Zealand
    Oceania 0.7509 0.7649 0.7859 0.7880 0.7808 0.7810 0.7805 0.7799 0.7772  
    alt
    Nicaragua
    North America 0.6566 0.6458 0.6747 0.7002 0.7176 0.7245 0.7697 0.7715 0.7894  
    alt
    Nigeria
    Africa 0.6104 0.6122 0.6339 0.6280 0.6055 0.6011 0.6315 0.6469 0.6391  
    alt
    Norway
    Europe 0.7994 0.8059 0.8239 0.8227 0.8404 0.8404 0.8403 0.8417 0.8374  
    alt
    Oman
    Middle East N/A 0.5903 0.5960 0.5938 0.5950 0.5873 0.5986 0.6053 0.6091  
    alt
    Pakistan
    South Asia 0.5434 0.5509 0.5549 0.5458 0.5465 0.5583 0.5478 0.5459 0.5522  
    alt
    Panama
    North America 0.6935 0.6954 0.7095 0.7024 0.7072 0.7042 0.7122 0.7164 0.7195  
    alt
    Paraguay
    South America 0.6556 0.6659 0.6379 0.6868 0.6804 0.6818 0.6714 0.6724 0.6890  
    alt
    Peru
    South America 0.6619 0.6624 0.6959 0.7024 0.6895 0.6796 0.6742 0.6787 0.7198  
    alt
    Philippines
    Southeast Asia 0.7516 0.7629 0.7568 0.7579 0.7654 0.7685 0.7757 0.7832 0.7814  
    alt
    Poland
    Europe 0.6802 0.6756 0.6951 0.6998 0.7037 0.7038 0.7015 0.7031 0.7051  
    alt
    Portugal
    Europe 0.6922 0.6959 0.7051 0.7013 0.7171 0.7144 0.7071 0.7056 0.7243  
    alt
    Qatar
    Middle East N/A 0.6041 0.5948 0.5907 0.6059 0.6230 0.6264 0.6299 0.6403  
    alt
    Romania
    Europe 0.6797 0.6859 0.6763 0.6805 0.6826 0.6812 0.6859 0.6908 0.6936  
    alt
    Russian Federation
    Europe and Northern Asia 0.6770 0.6866 0.6994 0.6987 0.7036 0.7037 0.6980 0.6983 0.6927  
    alt
    Saudi Arabia
    Middle East 0.5242 0.5647 0.5537 0.5651 0.5713 0.5753 0.5731 0.5879 0.6059  
    alt
    Senegal
    Africa N/A N/A N/A 0.6427 0.6414 0.6573 0.6657 0.6923 0.6912  
    alt
    Serbia
    Europe N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.7037 0.7116 0.7086  
    alt
    Singapore
    Southeast Asia 0.6550 0.6609 0.6625 0.6664 0.6914 0.6914 0.6989 0.7000 0.7046  
    alt
    Slovak Republic
    Europe 0.6757 0.6797 0.6824 0.6845 0.6778 0.6797 0.6824 0.6857 0.6806  
    alt
    Slovenia
    Europe 0.6745 0.6842 0.6937 0.6982 0.7047 0.7041 0.7132 0.7155 0.7443  
    alt
    South Africa
    Africa 0.7125 0.7194 0.7232 0.7709 0.7535 0.7478 0.7496 0.7510 0.7527  
    alt
    Spain
    Europe 0.7319 0.7444 0.7281 0.7345 0.7554 0.7580 0.7266 0.7266 0.7325  
    alt
    Sri Lanka
    South Asia 0.7199 0.7230 0.7371 0.7402 0.7458 0.7212 0.7122 0.7019 0.6903  
    alt
    Suriname
    South America N/A 0.6794 0.6674 0.6726 0.6407 0.6395 0.6409 0.6369 0.6504  
    alt
    Sweden
    Europe 0.8133 0.8146 0.8139 0.8139 0.8024 0.8044 0.8159 0.8129 0.8165  
    alt
    Switzerland
    Europe 0.6997 0.6924 0.7360 0.7426 0.7562 0.7627 0.7672 0.7736 0.7798  
    alt
    Syria
    Middle East N/A 0.6216 0.6181 0.6072 0.5926 0.5896 0.5626 0.5661 0.5775  
    alt
    Tajikistan
    Central Asia N/A 0.6578 0.6541 0.6661 0.6598 0.6526 0.6608 0.6682 0.6654  
    alt
    Tanzania
    Africa 0.7038 0.6969 0.7068 0.6797 0.6829 0.6904 0.7091 0.6928 0.7182  
    alt
    Thailand
    Southeast Asia 0.6831 0.6815 0.6917 0.6907 0.6910 0.6892 0.6893 0.6928 0.7027  
    alt
    Timor-Leste
    Southeast Asia N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6855 N/A N/A  
    alt
    Trinidad and Tobago
    North America 0.6797 0.6859 0.7245 0.7298 0.7353 0.7372 0.7116 0.7166 0.7154  
    alt
    Tunisia
    Africa 0.6288 0.6283 0.6295 0.6233 0.6266 0.6255 N/A N/A 0.6272  
    alt
    Turkey
    Middle East and Europe 0.5850 0.5768 0.5853 0.5828 0.5876 0.5954 0.6015 0.6081 0.6183  
    alt
    Uganda
    Africa 0.6797 0.6833 0.6981 0.7067 0.7169 0.7220 0.7228 0.7086 0.6821  
    alt
    Ukraine
    Europe 0.6797 0.6790 0.6856 0.6896 0.6869 0.6861 0.6894 0.6935 0.7056  
    alt
    United Arab Emirates
    Middle East 0.5919 0.6184 0.6220 0.6198 0.6397 0.6454 0.6392 0.6372 0.6436  
    alt
    United Kingdom
    Europe 0.7365 0.7441 0.7366 0.7402 0.7460 0.7462 0.7433 0.7440 0.7383  
    alt
    United States
    North America 0.7042 0.7002 0.7179 0.7173 0.7411 0.7412 0.7373 0.7392 0.7463  
    alt
    Uruguay
    South America 0.6549 0.6608 0.6907 0.6936 0.6897 0.6907 0.6745 0.6803 0.6871  
    alt
    Venezuela
    South America 0.6664 0.6797 0.6875 0.6839 0.6863 0.6861 0.7060 0.7060 0.6851  
    alt
    Vietnam
    Southeast Asia N/A 0.6889 0.6778 0.6802 0.6776 0.6732 0.6867 0.6863 0.6915  
    alt
    Yemen
    Middle East 0.4595 0.4510 0.4664 0.4609 0.4603 0.4873 0.5054 0.5128 0.5145  
    alt
    Zambia
    Africa 0.6360 0.6288 0.6205 0.6310 0.6293 0.6300 0.6279 0.6312 0.6364  
    alt
    Zimbabwe
    Africa 0.6461 0.6464 0.6485 0.6518 0.6574 0.6607 N/A N/A 0.7013  

    Notes

    1. Years of report publication. Values may reflect data collected the previous year.

    References

    1. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum, Editors (2009). “The Global Gender Gap Report 2009” (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-02. (…) the Index rewards countries that reach the point where outcomes for women equal those for men, but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particular variables
    2. a b 2008 Report, p. 24
    3. 2014 report, page 5
    4. 2008 Report, p. 5
    5. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Gen...eport_2012.pdf
    6. “The Global Gender Gap Report 2013” (PDF). World Economic Forum. pp. 12–13.
    7. “Global Gender Gap Report 2014 – Reports – World Economic Forum”. Global Gender Gap Report 2014.
    8. a bhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR2015/cover.pdf

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