10.14: The Global Gender Gap Report

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The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum. The 2014 report covers 144 major and emerging economies. The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality.

Methodology

The report’s Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gaps. The assumption is that women are strictly disadvantaged compared to men and as such, only measures where women are traditionally disadvantaged to men are used. Information about gender imbalances to the advantage of women is explicitly prevented from affecting the score.^[1] So, for example, the indicator “number of years of a female head of state (last 50 years) over male value” would score 1 if the number of years was 25, but would still score 1 if the number of years was 50. Due to this methodology, gender gaps that favor women over men are reported as equality.

The three highest ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap. It “assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities,” the Report says.^[2] “By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men, the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers.”^[2]

The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 130 economies around the globe, over 93% of the world’s population:

Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment
Educational attainment – outcomes on access to basic and higher level education
Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be less female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men parity is assumed, if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.^[3]

Thirteen out of the fourteen variables used to create the index are from publicly available “hard data” indicators from international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization.^[4]

WEF Global Gender Gap Index Rankings

The highest possible score is 1 (equality or better for women, except for lifespan, 106% or better for women) and the lowest possible score is 0. Data for some countries are unavailable.^[5]^[6]^[7]

2014_Gender_gap_index_world_map,_Gender_Inequality_Distribution.svg.png — Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) - The WEF Gender gap index world map for 2014^[8]

Country	Region	Year^{[note 1]}
Country	Region	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015^[8]
Albania	Europe	0.6607	0.6685	0.6591	0.6601	0.6726	0.6748	0.6655	0.6412	0.6869
Algeria	Africa	0.6018	0.6068	0.6111	0.6119	0.6052	0.5991	0.6112	0.5966	0.6182
Angola	Africa	0.6039	0.6034	0.6032	0.6353	0.6712	0.6624	N/A	0.6659	0.6311
Argentina	South America	0.6829	0.6982	0.7209	0.7211	0.7187	0.7236	0.7212	0.7195	0.7317
Armenia	Europe and Central Asia	N/A	0.6651	0.6677	0.6619	0.6669	0.6654	0.6636	0.6634	0.6622
Australia	Oceania	0.7163	0.7204	0.7241	0.7282	0.7271	0.7291	0.7294	0.7390	0.7409
Austria	Europe	0.6986	0.7060	0.7153	0.7031	0.7091	0.7165	0.7391	0.7437	0.7266
Azerbaijan	Europe and Central Asia	N/A	0.6781	0.6856	0.6626	0.6446	0.6577	0.6546	0.6582	0.6753
Bahamas	North America	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.7179	0.7128	0.7340	0.7156	0.7128	0.7269
Bahrain	Middle East	0.5894	0.5931	0.5927	0.6136	0.6217	0.6232	0.6298	0.6334	0.6261
Bangladesh	South Asia	0.6270	0.6314	0.6531	0.6526	0.6702	0.6812	0.6684	0.6848	0.6973
Barbados	North America	N/A	N/A	0.7188	0.7236	0.7176	0.7170	0.7232	0.7301	0.7289
Belgium	Europe	0.7078	0.7198	0.7163	0.7165	0.7509	0.7531	0.7652	0.7684	0.7809
Belize	North America	N/A	0.6426	0.6610	0.6636	0.6536	0.6489	0.6465	0.6449	0.6701
Benin	Africa	0.5780	0.5656	0.5582	0.5643	0.5719	0.5832	0.6258	0.5885	N/A
Bhutan	South Asia	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6651	0.6364
Bolivia	South America	0.6335	0.6574	0.6667	0.6693	0.6751	0.6862	0.7222	0.7340	0.7049
Botswana	Africa	0.6897	0.6797	0.6839	0.7071	0.6876	0.6832	0.6744	0.6752	0.7129
Brazil	South America	0.6543	0.6637	0.6737	0.6695	0.6655	0.6679	0.6909	0.6949	0.6941
Brunei Darussalam	Southeast Asia	N/A	N/A	0.6392	0.6524	0.6748	0.6787	0.6750	0.6730	0.6719
Bulgaria	Europe	0.6870	0.7085	0.7077	0.7072	0.6983	0.6987	0.7021	0.7097	0.7444
Burkina Faso	Africa	0.5854	0.5912	0.6029	0.6081	0.6162	0.6153	0.6455	0.6513	0.6500
Burundi	Africa	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.7270	0.7338	0.7397	0.7565
Cambodia	Southeast Asia	0.6291	0.6353	0.6469	0.6410	0.6482	0.6464	0.6457	0.6509	0.6520
Cameroon	Africa	0.5865	0.5919	0.6017	0.6108	0.6110	0.6073	0.6291	0.6560	N/A
Canada	North America	0.7165	0.7198	0.7136	0.7196	0.7372	0.7407	0.7381	0.7425	0.7464
Cape Verde	Africa	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.7180	0.7122	0.7133
Chad	Africa	0.5247	0.5381	0.5290	0.5417	0.5330	0.5334	0.5594	0.5588	0.5764
Chile	South America	0.6455	0.6482	0.6818	0.6884	0.7013	0.7030	0.6676	0.6670	0.6975
China	East Asia	0.6561	0.6643	0.6878	0.6907	0.6881	0.6866	0.6853	0.6908	0.6830
Colombia	South America	0.7049	0.7090	0.6944	0.6939	0.6927	0.6714	0.6901	0.7171	0.7122
Costa Rica	North America	0.6936	0.7014	0.7111	0.7180	0.7194	0.7266	0.7225	0.7241	0.7165
Côte d’Ivoire	Africa	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.5691	0.5773	0.5785	0.5814	0.5874
Croatia	Europe	0.7145	0.7210	0.6967	0.6944	0.6939	0.7006	0.7053	0.7069	0.7075
Cuba	North America	N/A	0.7169	0.7195	0.7176	0.7253	0.7394	0.7417	0.7540	0.7317
Cyprus	Europe and Middle East	0.6430	0.6522	0.6694	0.6706	0.6642	0.6567	0.6732	0.6801	0.6741
Czech Republic	Europe	0.6712	0.6718	0.6770	0.6789	0.6850	0.6789	0.6767	0.6770	0.6737
Denmark	Europe	0.7462	0.7519	0.7538	0.7628	0.7719	0.7778	0.7777	0.7779	0.8025
Dominican Republic	North America	0.6639	0.6705	0.6744	0.6859	0.6774	0.6682	0.6659	0.6867	0.6906
Ecuador	South America	0.6433	0.6881	0.7091	0.7220	0.7072	0.7035	0.7206	0.7389	0.7455
Egypt	Middle East and Africa	0.5786	0.5809	0.5832	0.5862	0.5899	0.5933	0.5975	0.5935	0.6064
El Salvador	North America	0.6837	0.6853	0.6875	0.6939	0.6596	0.6567	0.6630	0.6609	0.6863
Estonia	Europe	0.6944	0.7008	0.7076	0.7094	0.7018	0.6983	0.6977	0.6997	0.7017
Ethiopia	Africa	0.5946	0.5991	0.5867	0.5948	0.6019	0.6136	0.6200	0.6198	0.6144
Fiji	Oceania	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6414	0.6256	0.6255	0.6285	0.6286	0.6286
Finland	Europe	0.7958	0.8044	0.8195	0.8252	0.8260	0.8383	0.8451	0.8421	0.8453
France	Europe	0.6520	0.6824	0.7341	0.7331	0.7025	0.7018	0.6984	0.7089	0.7588
Gambia, The	Africa	0.6448	0.6421	0.6622	0.6752	0.6762	0.6763	0.6630	N/A	N/A
Georgia	Europe and Central Asia	0.6700	0.6665	0.6654	0.6680	0.6598	0.6624	0.6691	0.6750	0.6855
Germany	Europe	0.7524	0.7618	0.7394	0.7449	0.7530	0.7590	0.7629	0.7583	0.7780
Ghana	Africa	0.6653	0.6725	0.6679	0.6704	0.6782	0.6811	0.6778	0.6811	0.6661
Greece	Europe	0.6540	0.6648	0.6727	0.6662	0.6908	0.6916	0.6716	0.6782	0.6784
Guatemala	North America	0.6067	0.6144	0.6072	0.6209	0.6238	0.6229	0.6260	0.6304	0.6821
Guyana	South America	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.7108	0.7090	0.7084	0.7119	0.7085	0.7010
Honduras	North America	0.6483	0.6661	0.6960	0.6893	0.6927	0.6945	0.6763	0.6773	0.6935
Hungary	Europe	0.6698	0.6731	0.6867	0.6879	0.6720	0.6642	0.6718	0.6742	0.6759
Iceland	Europe	0.7813	0.7836	0.7999	0.8276	0.8496	0.8530	0.8640	0.8731	0.8594	0.881
India	South Asia	0.6011	0.5936	0.6060	0.6151	0.6155	0.6190	0.6442	0.6551	0.6455	0.664
Indonesia	Southeast Asia	0.6541	0.6550	0.6473	0.6580	0.6615	0.6594	0.6591	0.6613	0.6725
Iran, Islamic Rep.	Middle East	0.5803	0.5903	0.6021	0.5839	0.5933	0.5894	0.5927	0.5842	0.5811
Ireland	Europe	0.7335	0.7457	0.7518	0.7597	0.7773	0.7830	0.7839	0.7823	0.7850
Israel	Middle East	0.6889	0.6965	0.6900	0.7019	0.6957	0.6926	0.6989	0.7032	0.7005
Italy	Europe	0.6456	0.6498	0.6788	0.6798	0.6765	0.6796	0.6729	0.6885	0.6973
Jamaica	North America	0.7014	0.6925	0.6980	0.7013	0.7037	0.7028	0.7035	0.7085	0.7128
Japan	East Asia	0.6447	0.6455	0.6434	0.6447	0.6524	0.6514	0.6530	0.6498	0.6584
Jordan	Middle East	0.6109	0.6203	0.6275	0.6182	0.6048	0.6117	0.6103	0.6093	0.5968
Kazakhstan	Central Asia	0.6928	0.6983	0.6976	0.7013	0.7055	0.7010	0.7213	0.7218	0.7210
Kenya	Africa	0.6486	0.6508	0.6547	0.6512	0.6499	0.6493	0.6768	0.6803	0.7258
Korea, Rep.	East Asia	0.6157	0.6409	0.6154	0.6146	0.6342	0.6281	0.6356	0.6351	0.6403
Kuwait	Middle East	0.6341	0.6409	0.6358	0.6356	0.6318	0.6322	0.6320	0.6292	0.6457
Kyrgyz Republic	Central Asia	0.6742	0.6653	0.7045	0.7058	0.6973	0.7036	0.7013	0.6948	0.6974
Laos	Southeast Asia	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6993	0.7044
Latvia	Europe	0.7091	0.7333	0.7397	0.7416	0.7429	0.7399	0.7572	0.7610	0.7691
Lebanon	Middle East	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6084	0.6083	0.6030	0.6028	0.5923
Lesotho	Africa	0.6807	0.7078	0.7320	0.7495	0.7678	0.7666	0.7608	0.7530	0.7255
Lithuania	Europe	0.7077	0.7234	0.7222	0.7175	0.7132	0.7131	0.7191	0.7308	0.7208
Luxembourg	Europe	0.6671	0.6786	0.6802	0.6889	0.7231	0.7216	0.7439	0.7410	0.7333
Macedonia	Europe	0.6983	0.6967	0.6914	0.6950	0.6996	0.6966	0.6968	0.7013	0.6943
Madagascar	Africa	0.6385	0.6461	0.6736	0.6732	0.6713	0.6797	0.6982	0.7016	0.7214
Malawi	Africa	0.6437	0.6480	0.6664	0.6738	0.6824	0.6850	0.7166	0.7139	0.7281
Malaysia	Southeast Asia	0.6509	0.6444	0.6442	0.6467	0.6479	0.6525	0.6539	0.6518	0.6520
Maldives	South Asia	N/A	0.6350	0.6501	0.6482	0.6452	0.6480	0.6616	0.6604	0.6557
Mali	Africa	0.5996	0.6019	0.6117	0.5860	0.5680	0.5752	0.5842	0.5872	0.5779
Malta	Europe	0.6518	0.6615	0.6634	0.6635	0.6695	0.6658	0.6666	0.6761	0.6707
Mauritania	Africa	0.5835	0.6022	0.6117	0.6103	0.6152	0.6164	0.6129	0.5810	0.6029
Mauritius	Africa	0.6328	0.6487	0.6466	0.6513	0.6520	0.6529	0.6547	0.6599	0.6541
Mexico	North America	0.6462	0.6441	0.6441	0.6503	0.6577	0.6604	0.6712	0.6917	0.6900
Moldova	Europe	0.7128	0.7172	0.7244	0.7104	0.7160	0.7083	0.7101	0.7037	0.7405
Mongolia	East Asia	0.6821	0.6731	0.7049	0.7221	0.7194	0.7140	0.7111	0.7204	0.7212
Morocco	Africa	0.5827	0.5676	0.5757	0.5926	0.5767	0.5804	0.5833	0.5845	0.5988
Mozambique	Africa	N/A	0.6883	0.7266	0.7195	0.7329	0.7251	0.7350	0.7349	0.7370
Namibia	Africa	0.6864	0.7012	0.7141	0.7167	0.7238	0.7177	0.7121	0.7094	0.7219
Nepal	Central Asia	0.5478	0.5575	0.5942	0.6213	0.6084	0.5888	0.6026	0.6053	0.6458
Netherlands	Europe	0.7250	0.7383	0.7399	0.7490	0.7444	0.7470	0.7659	0.7608	0.7730
New Zealand	Oceania	0.7509	0.7649	0.7859	0.7880	0.7808	0.7810	0.7805	0.7799	0.7772
Nicaragua	North America	0.6566	0.6458	0.6747	0.7002	0.7176	0.7245	0.7697	0.7715	0.7894
Nigeria	Africa	0.6104	0.6122	0.6339	0.6280	0.6055	0.6011	0.6315	0.6469	0.6391
Norway	Europe	0.7994	0.8059	0.8239	0.8227	0.8404	0.8404	0.8403	0.8417	0.8374
Oman	Middle East	N/A	0.5903	0.5960	0.5938	0.5950	0.5873	0.5986	0.6053	0.6091
Pakistan	South Asia	0.5434	0.5509	0.5549	0.5458	0.5465	0.5583	0.5478	0.5459	0.5522
Panama	North America	0.6935	0.6954	0.7095	0.7024	0.7072	0.7042	0.7122	0.7164	0.7195
Paraguay	South America	0.6556	0.6659	0.6379	0.6868	0.6804	0.6818	0.6714	0.6724	0.6890
Peru	South America	0.6619	0.6624	0.6959	0.7024	0.6895	0.6796	0.6742	0.6787	0.7198
Philippines	Southeast Asia	0.7516	0.7629	0.7568	0.7579	0.7654	0.7685	0.7757	0.7832	0.7814
Poland	Europe	0.6802	0.6756	0.6951	0.6998	0.7037	0.7038	0.7015	0.7031	0.7051
Portugal	Europe	0.6922	0.6959	0.7051	0.7013	0.7171	0.7144	0.7071	0.7056	0.7243
Qatar	Middle East	N/A	0.6041	0.5948	0.5907	0.6059	0.6230	0.6264	0.6299	0.6403
Romania	Europe	0.6797	0.6859	0.6763	0.6805	0.6826	0.6812	0.6859	0.6908	0.6936
Russian Federation	Europe and Northern Asia	0.6770	0.6866	0.6994	0.6987	0.7036	0.7037	0.6980	0.6983	0.6927
Saudi Arabia	Middle East	0.5242	0.5647	0.5537	0.5651	0.5713	0.5753	0.5731	0.5879	0.6059
Senegal	Africa	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6427	0.6414	0.6573	0.6657	0.6923	0.6912
Serbia	Europe	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.7037	0.7116	0.7086
Singapore	Southeast Asia	0.6550	0.6609	0.6625	0.6664	0.6914	0.6914	0.6989	0.7000	0.7046
Slovak Republic	Europe	0.6757	0.6797	0.6824	0.6845	0.6778	0.6797	0.6824	0.6857	0.6806
Slovenia	Europe	0.6745	0.6842	0.6937	0.6982	0.7047	0.7041	0.7132	0.7155	0.7443
South Africa	Africa	0.7125	0.7194	0.7232	0.7709	0.7535	0.7478	0.7496	0.7510	0.7527
Spain	Europe	0.7319	0.7444	0.7281	0.7345	0.7554	0.7580	0.7266	0.7266	0.7325
Sri Lanka	South Asia	0.7199	0.7230	0.7371	0.7402	0.7458	0.7212	0.7122	0.7019	0.6903
Suriname	South America	N/A	0.6794	0.6674	0.6726	0.6407	0.6395	0.6409	0.6369	0.6504
Sweden	Europe	0.8133	0.8146	0.8139	0.8139	0.8024	0.8044	0.8159	0.8129	0.8165
Switzerland	Europe	0.6997	0.6924	0.7360	0.7426	0.7562	0.7627	0.7672	0.7736	0.7798
Syria	Middle East	N/A	0.6216	0.6181	0.6072	0.5926	0.5896	0.5626	0.5661	0.5775
Tajikistan	Central Asia	N/A	0.6578	0.6541	0.6661	0.6598	0.6526	0.6608	0.6682	0.6654
Tanzania	Africa	0.7038	0.6969	0.7068	0.6797	0.6829	0.6904	0.7091	0.6928	0.7182
Thailand	Southeast Asia	0.6831	0.6815	0.6917	0.6907	0.6910	0.6892	0.6893	0.6928	0.7027
Timor-Leste	Southeast Asia	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6855	N/A	N/A
Trinidad and Tobago	North America	0.6797	0.6859	0.7245	0.7298	0.7353	0.7372	0.7116	0.7166	0.7154
Tunisia	Africa	0.6288	0.6283	0.6295	0.6233	0.6266	0.6255	N/A	N/A	0.6272
Turkey	Middle East and Europe	0.5850	0.5768	0.5853	0.5828	0.5876	0.5954	0.6015	0.6081	0.6183
Uganda	Africa	0.6797	0.6833	0.6981	0.7067	0.7169	0.7220	0.7228	0.7086	0.6821
Ukraine	Europe	0.6797	0.6790	0.6856	0.6896	0.6869	0.6861	0.6894	0.6935	0.7056
United Arab Emirates	Middle East	0.5919	0.6184	0.6220	0.6198	0.6397	0.6454	0.6392	0.6372	0.6436
United Kingdom	Europe	0.7365	0.7441	0.7366	0.7402	0.7460	0.7462	0.7433	0.7440	0.7383
United States	North America	0.7042	0.7002	0.7179	0.7173	0.7411	0.7412	0.7373	0.7392	0.7463
Uruguay	South America	0.6549	0.6608	0.6907	0.6936	0.6897	0.6907	0.6745	0.6803	0.6871
Venezuela	South America	0.6664	0.6797	0.6875	0.6839	0.6863	0.6861	0.7060	0.7060	0.6851
Vietnam	Southeast Asia	N/A	0.6889	0.6778	0.6802	0.6776	0.6732	0.6867	0.6863	0.6915
Yemen	Middle East	0.4595	0.4510	0.4664	0.4609	0.4603	0.4873	0.5054	0.5128	0.5145
Zambia	Africa	0.6360	0.6288	0.6205	0.6310	0.6293	0.6300	0.6279	0.6312	0.6364
Zimbabwe	Africa	0.6461	0.6464	0.6485	0.6518	0.6574	0.6607	N/A	N/A	0.7013

Notes

Years of report publication. Values may reflect data collected the previous year.

References

Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum, Editors (2009). “The Global Gender Gap Report 2009” (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-02. (…) the Index rewards countries that reach the point where outcomes for women equal those for men, but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particular variables
^a ^b 2008 Report, p. 24
2014 report, page 5
2008 Report, p. 5
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Gen...eport_2012.pdf
“The Global Gender Gap Report 2013” (PDF). World Economic Forum. pp. 12–13.
“Global Gender Gap Report 2014 – Reports – World Economic Forum”. Global Gender Gap Report 2014.
^a ^bhttp://www3.weforum.org/docs/GGGR2015/cover.pdf

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