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6.11: Chapter Glossary and References

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    Chapter Glossary of Key Terms

    Animism - Is the belief that all natural objects, the universe and important natural events all possess an individual spirit.

    Ayahuasca - A traditional South American plant mixture made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine combined with a variety of DMT containing plants, which is capable of producing altered states of consciousness.

    Ideology - A system of ideas and ideals or manner of thinking which are characteristics of a group, social class, or individual.

    Doctrine - belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group.

    Myth - a commonly held but false belief; misconception. "Product of a man's emotion and imagination, acted upon by his surroundings." -E. Clodd, Myths and Dreams (1885)

    Similarity Magic (Imitative Magic) - magic in which an object, act, etc. that is similar to a desired goal can be used to influence the outcome.

    Peyote - A rare cactus found in Mexico containing the chemical mescaline which induces hallucinogenic experiences if ingested properly. Peyote has historically been ritualistically used in many indigenous cultures.

    Exclusivism - This is the view that ones own religion is inerrant and all others are in error.

    Anthropomorphism - Giving animals, plants, and other non-living objects human traits and personality. For example, how people say that plants are happy to be watered yet show no emotion, people would give traits that are exclusively human to things that are not human.

    Canonization - the act when a Christian church declares that a person who has died was a saint, and said person is added to the list of recognized saints after an investigation of two miracles (one during the person’s life and the second after their death)

    Rite of Passage - A life cycle ritual that marks a person's transition from one social state to another

    Unity of Consciousness - The belief that you and a supernatural power are united in some symbolic way. 

    Spirituality - The quality or fact of relating to the spirit or soul; being spiritual

    Shaman - a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits

    Contagious Magic - The idea that any item that once was connected to a person’s body is still linked to them, so you can affect the person by effecting an item that was once connected to that person.

    References

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    10. Schultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology. 7th ed. New York: Oxford P, 2009.

    11. Schultz 2009, 213

    12. Schultz 2009, 212

    13. Furst, 2003, 18-24

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    17. [1], Ember, Carol R., Christina Carolus. 2017. “Altered States of Consciousness” in C. R. Ember, ed. Explaining Human Culture. Human Relations Area Files http://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/altered-states-of-consciousness.

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    35. Brown, Lindsey Personal experience learned from attending Sunday school during grade school.

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    <ref>Religions of the Ancient world https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uvtebmqZZDYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA17&dq=monotheism+and+polytheism&ots=SUpIYAfZ0K&sig=D_8U8IG0P2Abad16vVSkVfMMf2U#v=onepage&q=monotheism%20and%20polytheism&f=false<ref>

    1. Fadiman, Anne. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997. Print.

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