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Appendix: Chart - Possible Early Humans Ancestors…or not

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    18396

    • Possible Early Humans Ancestors... or not appr. Weight

    appr. Height

    		 appr. Cranial Capacity Age Samples/Location Major Differences

    Sahelanthropus

    tchadensis

    		 ? ? 320 - 370 cc 7.0 - 6.0 MYA

    Toumai: Chad, Central Africa

    6+ individuals

    		 Possible common ancestor with chimpanzee1

    Ardipithecus

    ramidus

    		 50 kg 120 cm 320 - 380 cc 5.7 - 4.0 MYA

    Ardi: ethiopia,

    38+ individuals

    		 Walking up-right, elongated phalanges2

    Austrolopithicus

    aforensis

    		 35 kg 105 cm 410 cc 3.9 - 2.9 MYA

    Lucy: Hadar Ethiopia

    200+ individuals

    		 Walking up-right without grasping feet1 + tool use?3

    Paranthropus

    boisii

    		 34 - 49 kg 122.5 - 135 cm 510 cc 2.6 - 1.3 MYA Olduvai & Lake Turkana Sexual dimorphism in sagital crest? 4 & 5

    Paranthropus

    robustus

    		 32 - 39 kg 107.5 - 130 cm 510 cc 2.0 - 1.2 MYA Swartkrans, South Africa Large jaw and strong muscels4 & 5

    Homo habilis

    		 32 - 37 kg 115 - 147.5 cm 750 cc 2.5 - 1.6 MYA Olduvai & Lake Turkana

    Tools, fire?

    start to spread out of Africa1

    Homo erectus

    		 53 - 63 kg 157 - 175 cm 800 cc 1.8 MYA -150,000 YA Turkana Boy: Lake Turkana & Pekin Man: China Elongated legs & control of Fire1

    Homo sapiens archaic

    		 51 - 62 kg 155 - 172 cm 1100 cc 800,000 - 100,000 YA Asia, Africa & Europe First evidence of created shelter1

    Homo sapiens sapien

    		 54 - 64 kg 157.5 - 172.5 1250 cc ish 100,000 - present World Over 70,000 first evidence of people in Australia1

    Works Cited for Chart

    1. Jurmain, Robert, Lynn Kilgore, Wenda Trevathan & Russell L Ciochon 2008 Introduction to Physical Anthropology (Eleventh Edition). Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.
    2. Gibbons, Ann, et al. 2010 Ardipithecus ramidus. Science 326 (5949) 36-43 & 62-106.
    3. McPherron, Shannon, et al. 2010 Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466 857-860.
    4. Klien, Richard G 1989 Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
    5. National Geographic Society 1997 Images of our Past. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society.