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Chapter 9: Community Corrections

  • Page ID
    328896
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    • 9.1: Diversion
      This page discusses the concept of diversion in the justice system, emphasizing how individuals can be redirected away from formal legal proceedings. It outlines instances where law enforcement officers may use discretion to issue warnings or informal tickets instead of formal charges, highlighting the potential benefits of diversion in minimizing legal consequences for individuals.
    • 9.2: Intermediate Sanctions
      This page examines the prevalence of intermediate sanctions in the U.S. correctional system, highlighting the number of individuals under correctional control as of 2018. It stresses the importance of contextualizing this data within jails and prisons and includes a graphic that illustrates correctional supervision. The content is bolstered by Bureau of Justice statistics that reveal trends in probation and parole across the United States.
    • 9.3: Probation
      This page covers probation as a supervised alternative to incarceration, detailing the responsibilities of probation officers and noting a 56% success rate. It also introduces Intensive Supervised Probation (ISP) implemented in the 1950s to better manage caseloads and improve rehabilitation. Despite its intentions, studies indicate that ISP has not significantly lowered recidivism rates or saved costs, prompting questions about its overall efficacy.
    • 9.4: Boot Camps and Shock Incarceration
      This page discusses the limited effectiveness of boot camps in reducing recidivism, particularly for antisocial individuals. It highlights key issues such as neglecting criminogenic needs, mixing offenders of varying risk levels, and prioritizing physical training over behavioral change. These factors lead to continued aggressive behavior and reoffending, supported by a meta-analysis. Additionally, the page provides resources for more information on boot camp effectiveness.
    • 9.5: Drug Courts
    • 9.6: Halfway Houses
    • 9.7: House Arrest
    • 9.8: Community Residential Facilities
    • 9.9: Restorative Justice
      This page explores Restorative Justice, a method aimed at repairing harm from crime through facilitated dialogue among victims, offenders, and the community. It showcases success stories that illustrate its effectiveness in healing and promoting accountability, contrasting with traditional punitive justice by prioritizing restoration and reconciliation among all involved.
    • 9.10: Parole
      This page outlines the Oregon Sentencing Guidelines and the evolution of parole during the 1990s, detailing the transition from discretionary to mandatory parole. It emphasizes the logical progression of this shift, where inmates progress to a mandatory parole date after reaching their discretionary parole date. Additionally, the page includes references to reports from the Bureau of Justice Statistics to back the analysis of these changes in parole trends.
    • 9.11: Current Issues in Corrections
      This page highlights key objectives related to current issues in the corrections system, emphasizing the escalation of punishment and the impact of mass incarceration. It encourages critical thinking about the factors contributing to high incarceration rates, societal effects, and various potential solutions while evaluating past correctional approaches and exploring multiple perspectives on these urgent concerns.
    • 9.12: Current Issues in Corrections- Mass Incarceration
      This page highlights the alarming increase in international imprisonment rates, focusing on the trend of mass incarceration and its effects on communities. It addresses the responsibilities these communities have in dealing with overcrowded jails and the overall societal implications of this growing issue, which impacts tens of thousands each year.
    • 9.13: Current Issues in Corrections- War on Drugs and Gangs
      This page examines "Get Tough" policies, particularly California's 1994 Three Strikes law, which enforces severe sentences of 25 years to life for repeat offenders. It discusses the significant effects on incarceration rates and includes studies on federal drug inmates and mandatory minimum sentences, illuminating the larger consequences of strict sentencing laws on the prison system and the demographics of those incarcerated.
    • 9.14: Current Issues in Corrections- Aging and Overcrowding
      This page examines the issues surrounding aging prisoners and overcrowded correctional facilities. It refers to a historical California case that imposed limits on prison populations for better care. The increase of elderly inmates raises healthcare expenses due to chronic illnesses, and efforts to reduce overcrowding by releasing inmates pose further reentry challenges for the correctional system.
    • 9.15: Current Issues in Corrections- Reentry and the Future of Corrections


    This page titled Chapter 9: Community Corrections is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Alison S. Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, & Shanell Sanchez (OpenOregon) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.