Chapter 1: Introduction- The History of Mental Disorders
- Page ID
- 327340
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 1.1: Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
- This page examines the treatment of individuals with mental disorders, highlighting historical prejudice and discrimination. It discusses the transition from institutionalization to deinstitutionalization and ongoing barriers to care for marginalized groups, especially in the criminal justice system.
- 1.2: Historical Perspective on Mental Disorders
- This page addresses the high rates of mental disorders among U.S. inmates, noting that jails and prisons are major mental health treatment centers. Over 40% of inmates report mental health issues, often underreported due to stigma. The page outlines the historical mistreatment of the mentally ill, from harsh practices in the past to the establishment of asylums.
- 1.3: Mental Disorders in Modern Times- The Rise of Institutional Treatment
- This page outlines the evolution of mental health care in the U.S., highlighting Dr. Benjamin Rush's advocacy for moral treatment and Dorothea Dix's efforts for better facilities, despite ongoing neglect and abuse in overcrowded state hospitals. It also addresses the dark history of eugenics, particularly the forced sterilizations sanctioned by Buck v. Bell, and the inhumane treatment of patients, including traumatic procedures like lobotomies.
- 1.4: Modern Developments- The Decline of Institutional Treatment
- This page discusses the transformation of American mental health care in the 1940s, highlighted by the National Mental Health Act of 1946 and the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which emphasized training and community care. The introduction of psychiatric medications allowed for treatment outside institutions.
- 1.5: Deinstitutionalization and Disability Rights
- This page examines the deinstitutionalization movement, which transitioned care for individuals with mental disorders from large hospitals to community settings, noting both its achievements and challenges. It highlights the significant reduction in institutionalized patients and issues faced in community integration.
- 1.6: Mental Disorders Post-Deinstitutionalization
- This page explores the evolution of mental health treatment in America, focusing on the shift from inhumane asylums to improved state hospitals that prioritize dignity and short-term care. It addresses ongoing challenges like insufficient community support, funding issues, and workforce shortages, particularly affecting marginalized groups.
- 1.7: Chapter Summary
- This page examines the historical and current challenges for people with mental disorders, emphasizing their role in the disability community. It covers past harsh treatments, the deinstitutionalization movement, and the consequent issues, such as the high rates of mental illness in the criminal justice system. Key terms related to mental health, legislation, and societal attitudes are defined, highlighting persistent stigma and the need for reform in mental health treatment.
- 1.8: References
- This page explores the history and treatment of mental health, highlighting key figures like Dorothea Dix and Benjamin Rush, and addressing discrimination and the criminal justice system's role. It discusses the evolution from exorcism to modern psychiatry, funding reforms, and initiatives like Oregon's behavioral health investment. Through scholarly articles and historical accounts, it underscores the challenges and advancements in mental health care.