Chapter 2: Mental Disorders in the Criminal Justice System
- Page ID
- 327545
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 2.1: Chapter Learning Objectives and Overview
- This page outlines the U.S. classification system for diagnosing mental disorders and stresses the importance of mental health awareness in the criminal justice system. It discusses relevant disorders for law enforcement and advocates for accurate information and compassionate treatment to reduce stigma.
- 2.2: Identification and Treatment of Mental Disorders
- This page provides an overview of mental disorders, detailing their definitions, diagnosis, and caregiving approaches. It notes the significant societal impact, with one in five U.S. adults affected. The DSM system is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, adapting to new insights on cultural competence and equity. It also addresses healthcare disparities, stressing the importance of culturally informed care, particularly for marginalized communities.
- 2.3: Introduction to Specific Mental Disorders
- This page explores the complexities of dissociative identity disorder (DID), highlighting its controversial rise in public interest and overdiagnosis since the 1973 publication of "Sybil." It discusses the significance of understanding mental health disorders for criminal justice professionals, who may interact with affected individuals.
- 2.4: Psychotic Disorders
- This page covers psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder, characterized by severe disconnects from reality, including hallucinations and delusions. Schizophrenia affects less than 1% of the U.S. population, typically emerging in late adolescence to early adulthood, and involves various symptoms that cannot be cured but can be managed through treatment.
- 2.5: Mood Disorders
- This page discusses mood disorders, specifically bipolar and depressive disorders. Bipolar disorder involves significant mood swings, necessitating treatment with mood stabilizers, while depressive disorders result in prolonged sadness and potential suicidal thoughts, treated with medication and therapy. Anosognosia can hinder patient awareness of their condition, affecting treatment adherence and posing legal challenges.
- 2.6: Personality Disorders and Paraphilic Disorders
- This page covers personality and paraphilic disorders, underscoring their legal status, notably their inapplicability as an insanity defense. It categorizes key personality disorders like antisocial, narcissistic, and borderline, which can strain relationships and incite criminal behavior. Paraphilic disorders, characterized by distressing atypical sexual urges, are also discussed.
- 2.7: Mental Disorders Identified in Childhood
- This page discusses childhood mental disorders that can hinder development and potentially continue into adulthood without treatment. It covers Disruptive Disorders such as ODD and Conduct Disorder, emphasizes the prevalence of misdiagnosis among children of color, and addresses other neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and Autism.
- 2.8: Neurocognitive Disorders
- This page discusses neurocognitive disorders defined by the DSM, emphasizing cognitive impairments from medical events, notably traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia. It details how TBI, often resulting from external trauma, adversely affects life expectancy and quality of life, particularly in vulnerable populations like the unhoused and incarcerated.
- 2.9: Substance Use and Co-Occurring Disorders
- This page discusses substance use disorders defined by repeated use despite negative consequences. The DSM-5-TR categorizes disorders by ten drug classes and notes the prevalence of co-occurring mental health issues, which complicate treatment. Genetic and environmental influences play a role in these disorders. Effective treatments, including medication and various therapies, are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for both treatment efficacy and legal considerations.
- 2.10: Additional Behavioral Considerations
- This page examines the relationship between mental disorders and the criminal justice system, emphasizing that most affected individuals do not engage in criminal activity. It addresses malingering, which occurs in approximately 20% of justice-involved individuals, and psychopathy, more common in prisons. Assessment tools, such as the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, are highlighted for evaluating these issues and their associated risks in forensic settings.
- 2.12: Chapter Summary
- This page focuses on the DSM-5-TR and its relevance to mental disorders within the criminal justice system. It covers various disorder categories, treatment needs, and challenges faced by marginalized groups. Additionally, it addresses behavioral issues linked to mental disorders, defines key terms, and includes discussion questions on the intersection of mental health and criminal justice.