1.8: Review Questions
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1.
Karim is thirty-five years old and trying to learn a third language. It is very difficult and Karim wonders whether it is even possible. What key question in developmental psychology is most related to Karim’s situation?
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What kinds of changes can we typically expect across the lifespan?
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Are there particular points in time across the lifespan where certain experiences are essential to development?
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What are the ideal environments for people to develop and flourish in? Are they different for everyone?
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How does an individual experience and respond to expectations from their social and cultural environments at various points in their life?
2 .
A high school teacher is teaching students about memory skills. What area of study within developmental psychology is this?
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cognitive
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psychosocial
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sociocultural
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biological
3.
An economist publishes a study on the benefits to children of participating in a universal pre-kindergarten program. What field or perspective does this scholar’s contribution best represent?
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psychology
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behavioral economics
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lifespan development
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human development
4 .
William’s grandmother is very outgoing. She notices that William likes to strike up conversations whenever they run errands, so she makes an effort to plan such trips around his schedule so he can go with her. What concept is illustrated in this scenario?
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epigenetics
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reaction range
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gene-environment correlation
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sensitive period
5.
Every day it seems three-year-old Sasha learns at least five new words. What concept does this most clearly illustrate?
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discontinuous development
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continuous development
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the influence of nature
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the influence of nurture
6 .
Jason is thirteen years old. His baseball coach advises him to be on the lookout for a sudden growth spurt and to work out regularly when these changes begin to happen. What concept is the coach trying to take advantage of?
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sensitive period
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critical period
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stability
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reaction range
7.
Which two theorists both proposed stage theories?
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Vygotsky, Bowlby
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Bandura, Freud
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Skinner, Pavlov
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Piaget, Erikson
8 .
Which theory is most heavily focused on the role of the environment in development of certain behaviors?
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Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
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Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning
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Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
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Bandura’s social learning theory
9.
What do the theories of Erikson and Vygotsky have in common?
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Both emphasize the social aspect of development.
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Both study children’s responses to questions.
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Both are stage theories based on continuous development.
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Both focus on cognitive development.
10 .
Which term best summarizes the contextual perspective of development?
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adaptive
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individualistic
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interconnected
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discontinuous
11.
A child’s volleyball coach communicating with the child’s caregiver is an example of which system in the ecological system model?
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microsystem
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mesosystem
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macrosystem
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exosystem
12 .
Which of the following is an example of a cohort?
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Many commuters get stuck in terrible traffic during a downpour in their city.
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When both parents have blue eyes, there is a great chance of their offspring having blue eyes.
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People going to a grocery store tend to look for sales and special offers.
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Many people remember the explosion of the space shuttle Columbia in 2003.
13.
What are two of the three identified components of socioeconomic status?
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income level and education attainment
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occupational prestige and social popularity
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political clout and job title
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business ownership and home value
14 .
What does the “W” in WEIRD stand for?
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women
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wisdom
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well-being
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Western
15.
What is one of the most common problems associated with longitudinal studies?
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ethical concerns
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attrition of participants
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difficulty of measuring results
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lack of control
16 .
A researcher is interested in studying the recent pickleball craze, and wants to know how both newer and more seasoned players operate during the game. They go to a court and sit quietly among others watching various people playing the sport. Which research method is being used?
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naturalistic observation
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case study
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survey
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experiment
17.
Researchers have a responsibility to explain the benefits and risk of research to potential participants, as well as ensure that participants know that they are free to discontinue their participation if they so choose. What is this explanation part of?
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due diligence
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debriefing
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recruitment
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informed consent