5.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 233581
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- animism
- belief that objects are alive and possess consciousness
- associative play
- children begin focusing on and engaging with another person while playing, such as by assisting one another
- autobiographical memory
- memories of our individual life experiences and events
- centration
- tendency for preoperational children to focus on one characteristic of an object or situation at a time
- code-switching
- practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties within one conversation
- conservation
- cognitive ability to understand that changing the appearance of a substance does not alter its mass, number, or volume
- cooperative play
- children fully engage in both a play partner and the activity
- dyspraxia
- developmental coordination disorder in which children have difficulty executing typical movements
- egocentrism
- preoperational children’s tendency to have limited logical reasoning abilities because they perceive things from only their own point of view, according to Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development
- false belief
- children’s belief that other people have the same knowledge they themselves possess
- fine motor skill
- precise movements of the hands and fingers
- food desert
- geographic area where fresh food is not readily available
- gross motor skill
- large body movements of the head, torso, arms, and legs
- literacy
- ability to read, write and understand information
- macronutrients
- nutrient-rich carbohydrates, proteins, and fats needed for energy
- night terrors
- intense fear or terror that occurs during deep sleep
- onlooker play
- children observe others at play but do not become physically involved
- operation
- logical and reversible mental action
- parallel play
- children engage in similar play in close proximity but still play separately
- pragmatics
- social cues learned in language
- preoperational stage
- stage in which children begin to represent their thoughts and ideas using symbols such as words and images; the second stage in Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development
- scaffolding
- process of providing temporary learning support when tasks are just outside a person’s range of ability
- semantics
- a feature of language concerned with meaning and logic
- sociocultural theory of cognitive development
- theory of development proposed by Vygotsky that emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors on individual cognitive development
- solitary play
- (also, independent play) children play alone focusing on their own activity
- stunting
- impaired growth in height, often due to malnutrition
- symbolic representation
- representation of thoughts and ideas using symbols, such as words and images
- syntax
- rules used in language to construct full sentences
- theory of mind
- awareness that our beliefs and perspectives are different from other people’s
- unoccupied play
- children observe their environment and perform random movements
- zone of proximal development (ZPD)
- range of activities that cannot be completed alone but can be accomplished with the aid of a more skilled adult or peer