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7.8: Review Questions

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    1.
    During middle childhood, in a single year children grow an average of
    1. 2–3 inches in height and 5–7 pounds
    2. 1–2 inches in height and 3–5 pounds
    3. 2–3 inches in height and 7–10 pounds
    4. 1–2 inches in height and 5–7 pounds
    2 .
    How many hours of sleep should school-aged children between six and twelve years of age get every night?
    1. 6–7
    2. 7–8
    3. 9–12
    4. 12–15
    3.
    According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), how much moderate to vigorous physical activity should school-aged children get each day?
    1. 15–30 minutes
    2. 30–45 minutes
    3. 1 hour
    4. 2 hours
    4 .
    Improvements in writing skills are the result of development of ________.
    1. fine motor skills
    2. gross motor skills
    3. neural pruning
    4. prefrontal cortex growth
    5.
    Henry understands that if he drops the model he has been building, the pieces will likely break apart. He is demonstrating his understanding of ________.
    1. conservation tasks
    2. seriation skills
    3. symbolic thought
    4. cause and effect relationships
    6 .
    According to Piaget, children in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development are capable of ________.
    1. thinking abstractly
    2. using logic to solve real, tangible problems
    3. solving a false-belief task
    4. dividing their attention between multiple tasks simultaneously
    7.
    Piaget called mental actions that use logic and are reversible ________.
    1. operations
    2. executive functions
    3. metacognitions
    4. working memory
    8 .
    Cognitive skills tied to the maturation of the prefrontal cortex and used to regulate behavior are ________.
    1. operations
    2. executive functions
    3. metacognitions
    4. working memory
    9.
    The knowledge about how we think and learn is ________.
    1. metacognition
    2. abstract reasoning
    3. concrete operational thinking
    4. working memory
    10 .
    One component of the general definition of intelligence is an individual's ability to
    1. adapt to their world
    2. succeed in school
    3. have a successful career
    4. use logic to solve problems
    11.
    Which trend in intelligence scores is described by the Flynn effect?
    1. IQ scores fluctuate across childhood.
    2. Average IQ scores have steadily increased over time.
    3. IQ scores can predict future happiness.
    4. IQ scores are no longer useful predictors of academic achievement.
    12 .
    On a standardized intelligence test, the average IQ score for a population is
    1. around 50
    2. around 70
    3. around 100
    4. around 130
    13.
    What is a key criticism of intelligence tests?
    1. The assessments may be culturally biased.
    2. The assessments are not standardized.
    3. The assessments demonstrate poor reliability.
    4. The assessments demonstrate poor validity.
    14 .
    Teaching is based on direct instruction by the instructor, and that individual has full focus and control of the room in ________ classrooms.
    1. teacher-centered
    2. student-centered
    3. informal education
    4. hidden curriculum
    15.
    Mr. Sahib is a teacher who believes that students should be encouraged to actively explore their environments because this exploration provides the best opportunities for learning. This is an example of ________.
    1. constructivism
    2. reinforcement
    3. behaviorism
    4. informal education
    16 .
    Extracurricular activities and the skills that children learn from parents in the home are examples of
    1. constructivism
    2. informal schooling
    3. formal schooling
    4. behaviorism
    17.
    Because it emerges in childhood when the brain is still maturing, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a type of a(n)
    1. neurodevelopmental disorder
    2. intellectual disability
    3. emotional disorder
    4. learning disability
    18 .
    Dontae understands that bat has two different meanings. He also understands that recognizing which meaning is being used by a speaker depends on the context in which the word occurs in a sentence and situation. This is an example of
    1. metalinguistic awareness
    2. pragmatics
    3. phonics
    4. whole language
    19.
    Ajah is learning how to sound out the word “car” by making the “k” sound and the “ar” sound. This is an example of the ________ approach to learning to read.
    1. phonics-based
    2. whole language
    3. pragmatics
    4. immersion
    20 .
    Emma is rapidly switching between English and Spanish when she talks to her friends and her father. She is demonstrating
    1. code-switching
    2. metalinguistic awareness
    3. immersion
    4. pragmatics

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