8.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 233617
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\left| #1 \right>}\)
\(\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\left< #1 \right|}\)
\(\newcommand{\braket}[2]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2} \right| \left. #2 \vphantom{#1} \right>}\)
\(\newcommand{\braopket}[3]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2}\vphantom{#3} \right| #2 \vphantom{#1}\vphantom{#3} \left| #3 \vphantom{#1}\vphantom{#2} \right>}\)
\(\newcommand{\qmvec}[1]{\mathbf{\vec{#1}}}\)
\(\newcommand{\op}[1]{\hat{\mathbf{#1}}}\)
\(\newcommand{\expect}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle}\)
\(\newcommand{\dfn}[1]{\emph{\textbf{#1}}}\)
- altruism
- type of prosocial behavior involving acts of kindness even when at a cost
- anxiety
- disorder characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxious feelings, and by related disturbances in behavior
- average child
- child who receives a smaller number of both positive and negative nominations
- bullying
- repetitive pattern of aggression in which a person with more power harms another with less
- classroom climate
- emotional culture of the learning environment
- controversial child
- child who receives a high number of positive and negative nominations
- coping strategy
- technique for overcoming stress
- depression
- mood disorder involving feelings of sadness that are disruptive and can make functioning difficult for individuals
- emotional display rule
- culturally and context-specific defined social rule for outwardly displaying emotion
- empathy
- complex emotional state requiring an understanding of the perspective and emotional states of others as well as caring about others and mirroring their emotions
- externalizing behavior
- behavior that is negative or harmful and external to a person, including aggressive behavior, rule breaking, and other negative behaviors that are more social or interpersonal
- industry versus inferiority
- Erikson’s fourth psychosocial stage of development, describing the way children construct their sense of success and accomplishment in work tasks, such as school
- internalizing behavior
- behavior that is negative or harmful and internal to a person, including feeling withdrawn or lonely, anxious or depressed, and/or having related physical health issues
- peer-neglected child
- child who receives a low number of both positive and negative nominations
- physical aggression
- inflicting of intentional harm on others or property, or the intimidation of or threat of harm to people and property
- popular child
- child who receives a high number of positive nominations, a low number of negative nominations, and is well liked in their classroom
- positive youth development (PYD)
- movement that aims to understand and promote predictors of well-being, thriving, and prosocial development in childhood and beyond
- proactive aggression
- aggression that is intentional and committed to harm others
- reactive aggression
- unplanned aggression that happens in response to either a real or imagined provocation
- rejected child
- child who receives a low number of positive nominations and a high number of negative nominations and might be actively excluded
- relational aggression
- behaviors that are intended to hurt social relationships such as intentional exclusion, spreading of rumors, betrayal of friendships, and manipulative control
- resilience
- ability to successfully adapt and respond to stressful events
- social competence
- skill used to understand and respond to the differing expectations of various contexts and audiences
- sympathy
- awareness of how the other might be feeling, in addition to a motivation to do something for the other person