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abstinence
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not engaging in sexual activity
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affect heuristic
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mental shortcut that causes us to use emotions more than other factors when making a decision
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affective empathy
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being able to vicariously experience someone’s emotions
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affective theory of mind
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ability to draw conclusions about another person’s feelings
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apprenticeship
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paid position involving a combination of on-the-job training, mentoring, and classroom learning
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availability heuristic
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mental shortcut that helps us think of memorable information quickly and use it to make decisions
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barrier method
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type of contraception and STI prevention that prevents exchange of bodily fluids
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cisgender
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describes an individual who has a gender identity compatible with their sex assigned at birth
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civil service job
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government job that doesn’t involve political appointments or legal work; examples include urban planners, budget analysts, sanitation workers, and firefighters
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cognitive empathy
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being able to adopt someone’s point of view
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cognitive theory of mind
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ability to draw conclusions about another person’s intentions and beliefs
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communal norm
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helping others with no expectation of reciprocity
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convergent thought
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using a known solution to deal with a problem
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dental dam
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thin piece of latex of polyurethane that’s placed over the vulva or anus prior to oral sex
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dialectical thinking
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ability to remain practical, flexible, and open to the multiple factors and solutions
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divergent thought
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creating new solutions to deal with a problem; related to creativity
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emerging adulthood
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beginning stages of adulthood characterized by the achievement of new legal statuses as well as intense exploration of career options, beliefs, and relationships
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epiphyses
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ends of long bones like the ones in arms and legs
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exchange norms
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either repaying a debt or anticipating future benefit when deciding whether to help another
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experiential learning
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education that involves “learning by doing” and reflecting on the learning experience
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familiarity heuristic
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mental shortcut that makes us feel more comfortable with things or people we have experience with than with those we have yet to experience or meet
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future orientation
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ability to think about and plan for what lies ahead, including predicting the consequences of one’s actions
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gender expression
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external manifestation of a person’s gender identity, including the way a person dresses, uses their voice, and presents themselves to the world
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heuristic
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mental shortcut used to process information more quickly
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informal education
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education that occurs without a set curriculum
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obesity
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when an individual’s BMI is over 30; correlated with many health issues including high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease
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obesity paradox
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observation that people with a high BMI who develop heart disease sometimes live longer and are in better health than people with a lower BMI who develop heart disease
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post-formal thought
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stage beyond formal operations that is more flexible, complex, and capable of recognizing more than one objectively correct answer to problem
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pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP)
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medication taken regularly to reduce the chances of getting HIV
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presbyopia
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difficulty seeing things close up due to changes in the lens of the eye
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reflective thought
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logical thought processes involving continuous, active evaluation of information and beliefs using evidence and past experiences
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relativism
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idea that cultural standards, values, and ethics are a product of the time and cultural context within which they developed, and what is proper, relevant, or true for one individual may not be for another
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scarcity heuristic
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mental shortcut that causes us to believe that the rarer or less available something is, the more valuable it is
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sexual assault
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nonconsensual sexual contact
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sexual harassment
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unwanted physical or verbal attention with a sexual basis
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sexually transmitted infection (STI)
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disease caused by certain types of viruses, bacteria, or microorganisms and spread through contact with bodily fluids such as semen and blood
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spermicide
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substance that kills sperm cells
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substance abuse
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use of drugs or alcohol in excess or for purposes for which they weren’t intended, leading to problems in physical, social, and/or psychological functioning, often termed substance misuse or problematic substance use in order to avoid stigma of "abuse"; often related to substance use disorder (SUD)