4.2: Classes of Filters
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There are four main classes of filters used in EEG/ERP research. They’re typically named in terms of the frequencies that they pass, not the frequencies that are filtered out (much as an air filter passes air and filters out dust).
I don’t ordinarily recommend applying notch filters (unless they are necessary during the recording process); it’s usually better to use a low-pass filter that attenuates all the high frequencies. However, if you don’t want to use a low-pass filter with a cutoff of 20 or 30 Hz (e.g., because you are interested in relatively high-frequency activity), a very sophisticated line noise filtering approach (Mitra & Pesaran, 1999) is available in EEGLAB as the cleanline plugin (see Bigdely-Shamlo et al., 2015 for important details about implementing this tool). Another tool called Zapline is can also be used for this purpose (de Cheveigné, 2020; Klug & Kloosterman, 2022), but it is newer and hasn't yet accumulated a strong track record.