8: Eating and Sleep Disorders
- Page ID
- 219753
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 8.1: Why It Matters- Eating and Sleep Disorders
- This page highlights the importance of understanding eating and sleep disorders for health and survival. It emphasizes the role of nutrition in growth and hormone regulation, along with the benefits of sleep for well-being. The text addresses myths surrounding these disorders, such as the misconception that only women experience eating disorders and that sleep primarily impacts daytime alertness.
- 8.2: Introduction to Feeding and Eating Disorders
- This page emphasizes the significance of recognizing hunger and eating behaviors, distinguishing between healthy habits and disordered eating that can harm health. It mentions a National Institute of Mental Health video summarizing eating disorders, their effects, and available treatments, while also crediting contributors and licensed content sources related to the topic.
- 8.3: Hunger and Eating
- This page explores the regulation of hunger and eating via physiological mechanisms, including the roles of the stomach, blood glucose, and hormones like leptin. It discusses metabolism, caloric intake, and the set-point theory of body weight regulation.
- 8.4: Anorexia Nervosa
- This page discusses anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder marked by an intense fear of weight gain resulting in severe food restriction and health risks. It highlights contributing factors, the role of media in body dissatisfaction, and emphasizes early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment methods, including psychotherapy and nutritional support. The importance of specialized care is illustrated by a case study.
- 8.5: Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder
- This page explores the complexities of bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, detailing their symptoms, health risks, and treatment options like psychotherapy and medications. It highlights Reeya's family pressures and social anxiety, which contributed to her diagnosis, as well as her proactive approach to seeking help. The importance of early intervention is underscored, along with supportive relationships, illustrated by Reeya's boyfriend accompanying her to the doctor.
- 8.6: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Rumination Disorder
- This page addresses Rumination Disorder, characterized by regurgitating stomach contents for re-chewing. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive treatment approach involving healthcare professionals to manage symptoms like anxiety and nausea. Dietary changes may be necessary, and resources such as videos and statistics from the National Eating Disorders Association are included.
- 8.7: Pica
- This page discusses pica, a psychological disorder characterized by the craving of non-nutritive substances, leading to health risks like nutritional deficiencies. Often linked to emotional distress or mineral deficiencies, it is diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria. Treatment may include addressing deficiencies and behavioral therapies. The case of Skyler, a seven-year-old with pica, illustrates typical challenges, including dental damage and nutritional deficiencies.
- 8.8: Introduction to Sleep-Wake Disorders
- This page discusses sleep disorders' prevalence, affecting 30% to 50% of individuals, highlighting the distinction between normal and abnormal sleep. It explores the characteristics, epidemiology, and causes of sleep-wake disorders and notes the importance of treatment options. Resources for further learning are also referenced.
- 8.9: Understanding Sleep
- This page discusses the importance of sleep for health, comprising about a third of our lives, and regulated by circadian rhythms and homeostatic mechanisms. It outlines sleep stages—NREM (including deep sleep) and REM—as essential for cognitive functions, hormone regulation, and memory formation. Sleep deprivation harms cognition, affecting attention and memory.
- 8.10: Insomnia Disorder
- This page discusses insomnia, highlighting its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Insomnia leads to anxiety and fatigue, influenced by factors such as age and drug use. Treatment options include medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Effective strategies for managing insomnia involve maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants, and stress management. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for those with ongoing insomnia issues.
- 8.11: Narcolepsy and Hypersomnolence
- This page provides an overview of narcolepsy, hypersomnolence disorder, and insufficient sleep syndrome, detailing their symptoms, prevalence, causes, and treatment options. Narcolepsy affects 135,000 to 200,000 people in the U.S., requiring symptom occurrence thrice weekly for diagnosis. Treatment includes medications and lifestyle changes. Hypersomnolence, affecting 5% of the population, and insufficient sleep syndrome pose public health concerns.
- 8.12: Parasomnias
- This page outlines parasomnias, sleep disorders featuring unwanted activities during sleep. It covers NREM disorders like sleepwalking and night terrors, as well as nightmare disorder and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), highlighting symptoms such as panic, vivid dreams, and acting out dreams. Additionally, it mentions restless leg syndrome, which causes leg discomfort. Treatment options vary, with references to academic studies and online resources for further information on these conditions.
- 8.13: Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
- This page discusses sleep apnea, a disorder with breathing interruptions during sleep, including obstructive (due to airway blockage) and central (due to brain signal issues) types. It covers risk factors like obesity and smoking, along with treatments such as CPAP devices and surgery. The text also addresses sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), emphasizing safe sleeping practices to mitigate risks for infants. Further information on causes, symptoms, and treatment options is also provided.
- 8.14: Introduction to Perspectives and Treatments Related to Eating and Sleep Disorders
- This page discusses psychological perspectives and treatment methods for eating and sleep disorders, highlighting common approaches, key considerations for treatment, and the various therapies and research associated with these conditions.
- 8.15: Understanding and Treating Eating Disorders
- This page examines the complex nature and multifaceted causes of eating disorders, emphasizing the need for early intervention and individualized treatment strategies, including psychotherapy and nutritional counseling. It highlights various psychological therapies like CBT, CRT, and DBT, while also addressing sociocultural impacts and the heightened risks among athletes and specific demographics.
- 8.16: Treating Sleep Disorders
- This page explores psychological approaches to sleep disorders, including biological treatments like CPAP and behavioral interventions for insomnia. It discusses cognitive reframing of sleep-related thoughts, behavioral strategies for forming positive sleep associations, and the psychodynamic perspective linking childhood experiences to adult sleep issues. Ongoing research aims to improve understanding and treatment effectiveness for these disorders.
- 8.17: Case Studies- Eating and Sleep Disorders
- This page presents case studies on eating and sleep disorders, including a female actress inspired by Portia de Rossi coping with depression and disordered eating, a college student named Taisha dealing with anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and a 50-year-old man, Carson, showing symptoms of sleep apnea.
- 8.18: Putting It Together- Eating and Sleep Disorders
- This page discusses eating and sleep disorders as mental illnesses that can affect anyone, regardless of gender or age. It highlights contributing factors like physical traits and environmental influences and their negative impacts on health. Treatment is complex, often requiring a combination of methods, and emphasizes the importance of seeking timely help with family and community support.