11: Schools and Education
- Page ID
- 14490
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 11.1: An Overview of Education in the United States
- This page explores the evolution and current state of education in the U.S., noting the origins of compulsory education in the 19th century aimed at addressing social inequities, particularly for immigrants. It highlights ongoing racial and socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment, issues like discriminatory tracking and discipline, and the advantages of higher education. Additionally, it contrasts the U.S.
- 11.2: Sociological Perspectives on Education
- This page examines key sociological perspectives on education: functionalism views it as crucial for social roles, while conflict theory argues it perpetuates inequality. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the impact of social dynamics within schools. It stresses the need for reforms to tackle educational disparities. Additionally, a study indicates smaller class sizes improve student performance and outcomes due to better teacher engagement.
- 11.3: Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education
- This page addresses inequalities in the U.S. education system, focusing on disparities in funding and resources between urban and suburban schools, as noted by Jonathan Kozol. It highlights ongoing de facto segregation, insufficient resources for minority students, and the mixed effectiveness of school choice initiatives. The text also reviews debates on charter schools and single-sex education, alongside the persistent issues of school violence and bullying.
- 11.4: Issues and Problems in Higher Education
- This page examines challenges in higher education, including student struggles, legacy admissions, and graduation rates. It highlights financial burdens leading to debt, with only 57% of students graduating in six years, especially affecting low-income and minority groups. Significant disparities exist in graduation rates among racial groups, with 60% of white students graduating compared to 49% of Latino and 40% of African American students.
- 11.5: Improving Schools and Education
- This page emphasizes the critical role of quality schooling for low-income children, noting that socioeconomic factors often hinder student success. While effective teachers are essential, addressing poverty and family backgrounds is vital for meaningful reform. Proposed strategies include smaller class sizes, increased funding, enhanced teacher accountability, and focused efforts on students' emotional and physical health.
- 11.6: End-of-Chapter Material
- This page discusses the dual nature of education, encompassing both formal and informal learning. It highlights the historical push for free, compulsory education in 19th-century America aimed at unifying society and aiding immigrants. The text explores how social class, race, and gender affect educational outcomes, leading to disparities.