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Self-Check Questions

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    331072
    • Aimee Samara Krouskop, Ben Cushing, Kimberly Puttman, and Avery Temple
    • Open Oregon

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    3

    Questions

    Chapter 1: How Does Social Change Matter to You?

    1. An “equity lens” means different things to different people. How is an equity lens defined in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. Avoiding conflict or confrontation between different cultures.
      2. Recognizing that we do not all receive the same power and resources in society.
      3. Acting to address imbalances in resources by dismantling systems of power, privilege, and oppression.
      4. Acknowledging that race, ethnicity, gender and sexual expression are related to social inequality.
    2. Studying social change with an equity lens means being vigilant about identifying the (often hidden) role that marginalized peoples play. Why are some social roles hidden? Select all that apply.
      1. The majority of sociologists today are white, upper-middle-class professionals who can easily overlook the work of Black people, Indigenous people, and People of Color (BIPOC), gender diverse people, and people with disabilities.
      2. Written history is dominated by eurocentricism, or the mindset that assumes White ways of knowing are superior to all others.
      3. Colonial legacies continue to dismiss the social roles of non-white peoples.
      4. Social change movements are primarily led by the people groups with the most privilege.
    3. The Peace Community of San José de Apartadó recently celebrated 25 years of peaceful resistance to local guerrilla movements, paramilitary forces, and the Colombian army. What factors made this social change movement successful? Select all that apply.
      1. Peace Community members look to memories of the people they lost during the war to organize for their future.
      2. Peace Community members continue the cycle of violence by embracing vindictive action.
      3. Peace Community members form tight-knit working groups to more safely work in their fields.
      4. International human rights protectors partner with Peace Community members.
    4. Climate change dramatically impacts societies, especially the Sámi people. How does climate change impact social change for the Sámi? Select all that apply.
      1. The Sámi people live with such direct dependence on the natural world that they are dramatically affected by environmental changes.
      2. Suicide rates in Sweden among the Sámi people can be up to four times higher than the national average.
      3. Without reindeer, herders can’t earn a living by selling reindeer for meat and their hides.
      4. As Sámi culture depends on the survival of the reindeer, climate change poses a direct threat not only to individuals but to an entire people.

    Chapter 2: The Study of Social Change

    1. It’s always difficult to translate meaning across language. However, what is the best way to explain the concept Buen Vivir? Select all that apply.
      1. Buen Vivir means Plentiful Life, or a life in harmony.
      2. Buen Vivir is the Spanish translation for sumak kawsay, an Aymaran and Quechua concept of applying memories from the past to create a dignified life in the present.
      3. Buen Vivir is a powerful social movement because it pays attention to how social locations determine human experience.
      4. Buen Vivir has not been seriously referenced in national laws or international conferences.
    2. Which of the following are key sociological questions when studying social change? Select all that apply.
      1. How do we give meaning and value to behavior, ideas, or objects?
      2. What are the processes and patterns of social change?
      3. What are the connections between our environmental crisis and society?
      4. What do we need to know to make effective decisions to improve the environment as a society?
    3. Social institutions change over time. Which of the following are examples of this phenomenon? Select all that apply.
      1. Once the U.S. economy became industrialized, there was no longer a need for large families to produce enough manual labor to run a farm so family size grew smaller.
      2. In fact, all social institutions do not change when one institution changes, and this phenomenon is known as cultural lag.
      3. At the beginning of the 20th century, people built roads and highways for the new invention of cars. Families began living farther from each other and from their workplaces.
      4. E-mail, the Internet, and smartphones have enabled instant communication even in low-income parts of the world.
    4. Which of the following is true of the Sunrise Movement? Select all that apply.
      1. The Sunrise Movement is a civic society organization, or an organization that functions outside of government to advocate for social issues.
      2. In 2020, the Sunrise Movement forced Democrats running for president to outline their plans for cutting U.S. fossil fuel emissions.
      3. Young people mobilize the Sunrise Movement, showing the urgency that this social group experiences.
      4. The Sunrise Movement advocated for a set of policies that deny climate change.

    Chapter 3: Social Location and Social Theories

    1. Which of the following characteristics determine a person’s social location? Select all that apply.
      1. Social class, otherwise known as socioeconomic status (SES)
      2. Race
      3. Ethnicity
      4. Gender
      5. Sexual orientation
      6. Religion
      7. Ability
      8. Immigration
      9. Language
      10. Employment
    2. Sociology analyzes different kinds of racism at work in society. Which of the following are examples of structural racism? Select all that apply.
      1. One white person holds prejudice in thought or action and by their power discriminates against people of color.
      2. Institutions and policies interact over time to systematically privilege white people and disadvantage people of color.
      3. One school adopts unfair policies that produce racially inequitable outcomes for students of color and white students.
      4. An overarching system of racial bias across institutions and society produces violence upon bodies of color.
    3. What is an example of the way newer social theories differentiate from classical theories? Select all that apply.
      1. Postcolonial theory emerges from the social elite, not from people who survive and resist the power of empire.
      2. Critical race theory uses intersectionality to show how one’s racial experiences intersect with other identities, such as gender and sexuality.
      3. Feminist theories recognize that knowledge is static and objective.
      4. Classical theories do not differ in any meaningful way from newer theories.

    Chapter 4: Globalization and Inequality

    1. Sociologists study global stratification using three main lenses. Select the three lenses below.
      1. The unequal distribution of economic and social resources between nations.
      2. The unequal distribution of economic and social resources within nations (internal inequality).
      3. Measures within nations as compared with other nations.
      4. The superiority of the United States to all other nations.
    2. Which of the following are used as indicators of quality of life in the study of global stratification? Select all that apply.
      1. Life expectancy
      2. The adult literacy rate
      3. Enrollment in primary, secondary, and higher education
      4. The effects of environmental degradation
    3. Which of the following statements accurately describes a theory of inequality as discussed in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. World systems analysis puts countries into three categories: core countries, peripheral countries, and semi-peripheral countries.
      2. Land grabs are an example of dependency theory, showing that low-income countries exploit high-income countries.
      3. Modernization theory is criticized for its ethnocentric bias because it assumes that “developed” countries are superior.
    4. How would an optimist globalist describe current trends in global inequality? Select all that apply.
      1. Technological innovation has led to improvements in medicine and communications networks.
      2. Global agribusiness has resulted in a dramatic and rapid deterioration of the world’s natural diversity.
      3. Our current economies enable a wealthy elite, or the 1%, to accumulate vast fortunes at the expense of ordinary people, particularly poor women and girls.
      4. Many consumers support people who live in poverty with their purchase choices by paying higher prices for fair trade products.

    Chapter 5: Roots of Global Inequality, Decolonization, and Resistance

    1. Which of the following accurately describes an ideology of colonialism? Select all that apply.
      1. The white man’s burden depicts colonized people as childlike and dangerous and colonialing people as stern and wise parents.
      2. Neocolonialism emerged after World War II, as former colonial powers dominated newly independent nation-states using debt and trade agreements.
      3. The civilization mission justifies colonialism by asserting that colonization is best for the spiritual and moral interests of colonized people.
      4. Decolonization celebrates colonial rule and settlement, working to ensure that it continues.
    2. Which of the following accurately describe impacts of foreign aid as discussed in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. Since the 1970s, the number of preventable deaths of children under five has decreased by half with U.S. assistance.
      2. The global community has learned to measure, monitor, and improve severe levels of poverty since the era of foreign assistance and development began in the 1960s.
      3. When funds are given to struggling countries to serve the interests of donor nations, often called a “win-win,” more poverty and violence can occur.
      4. The Green Revolution program displaced farmers from their land and polluted soil and water.
    3. Which of the following statements is true of resistance movements as described in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. People haven’t just been fighting against imposed forms of power and exploitation, they have also been fighting for innumerable alternative ways of life.
      2. In 2006, protesting teachers in Oaxaca, Mexico created a camp in the city center, a tactic that would be used in Portland, Oregon, during Occupy Wall Street.
      3. Resistance to colonialism and globalization can be thought of as a “movement of movements,” where each movement has its own goals but also shared values and common antagonists.
      4. Resistance leaders call for a focus on inclusion and inclusive growth rather than just poverty.
    4. How do indigenous communities address global inequality? Select all that apply.
      1. Many Indigenous cultures manage the land, water, and ecosystems in which they live so that future generations can preserve their cultures.
      2. Indigenous communities apply the economic, political, and social systems of Western-dominated countries.
      3. As Indigenous land rights are protected, it gives Indigenous Peoples a platform to share their values of living as stewards of the natural world.
      4. Indigenous communities spark shifts in thinking about how our global economy operates and the ways to define and encourage development.

    Chapter 6: Economy and Social Change

    1. Which critiques are more commonly associated with capitalism? Select all that apply.
      1. Slows technological advances.
      2. Benefits a small minority at the expense of many.
      3. Infringes on freedom with public ownership.
      4. Fosters exploitive labor relationships.
      5. Incentivizes war by continuously needing new markets and resources.
    2. Max Weber argued that the Protestant ethic helped pave the way for capitalism. Which of the following best illustrates the values of the Protestant ethic? Select all that apply.
      1. Reinvesting profits rather than spending.
      2. Working hard as a duty to God rather than to pay bills.
      3. Paying workers less in order to increase profits.
      4. Working to provide meaning and purpose to a person’s life.
    3. The New Deal helped reduce income inequality with multiple government initiatives. Which of the following is NOT part of the New Deal initiative. Select one.
      1. Created well-paid government jobs.
      2. Created a social safety net with programs such as Social Security and Unemployment..
      3. Decreased regulations on corporations and banks.
      4. Increased public works projects such as building roads and bridges.
    4. New economic models and measurements are being developed that address issues such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. Which of the following are aspects of some new economic models and measurements? Select all that apply.
      1. Localization
      2. Balancing social needs without exceeding environmental limits
      3. Re-evaluating Growth
      4. Gross national Happiness Index

    Chapter 7: Health, Safety, and the State

    1. Which of the following statements illustrate the evaluation of healthcare through a social construction lens? Select all that apply.
      1. Labeling certain conditions such as chronic fatigue as psychological or imagined.
      2. Stigmatizing one disease such as AIDS over another.
      3. Treating all medical conditions as purely biological with no social influence.
      4. Medicalizing natural functions such as menstruation or expressions such as homosexuality.
    2. Which of the following are examples of how class, racism, and gender influence the ability to live in safety and security in the United States? Select all that apply.
      1. The only nearby food markets are convenience stores.
      2. A hurricane knocks out power to an entire city.
      3. All of the community’s affordable housing is built in a flood plain.
      4. A person needs to work two jobs in order to pay the rent.
      5. Affordable reproductive care is available regardless of income level.
    3. Colonization shapes issues around health and safety. For example, owning land is a Colonial worldview. Which of the following are other examples of a Colonial worldview? Select all that apply.
      1. Building a dam to control the flow of a river and produce energy.
      2. Creating a communal garden.
      3. Displacing communities to build an interstate freeway.
      4. Giving birth at a center that involves midwives, family, and traditional rituals.
      5. Privatizing water resources for industrial use.
    4. Transformative Justice is an alternative approach that can help us reframe how we think of public safety. Which of the statements below illustrate Transformative Justice practices? Select all that apply.
      1. Addressing the root causes of oppression.
      2. Hiring more BIPOC police officers.
      3. Responding to violence without creating more violence.
      4. Addressing a community member’s abusive behavior, creating a process for accountability and transformation.

    Chapter 8: Education: Inequality and Justice

    1. Which statement below best reflects what a Conflict theorist focuses on when studying education? Select one.
      1. Focus on the cultural symbols present in an educational setting and their meaning.
      2. Focus on how education either maintains or challenges unequal social power and reinforces societal inequalities.
      3. Focus on the positive functions that education fulfills like socialization and skill building.
    2. Which of the following are examples of cultural capital in education? Select all that apply.
      1. Knowledge and understanding of language and etiquette used in academic settings.
      2. Natural athletic ability that leads to a scholarship.
      3. Access to after school programs that prepare students to complete college applications.
      4. Vocabulary on standardized tests that tests knowledge related to specific cultures.
    3. Which of the following are characteristics of educational debt? Select all that apply.
      1. Sociopolitical factors such as voting barriers that exclude people from decision-making that impacts school districts.
      2. Natural fluctuations in population that impact enrollment and funding.
      3. Moral debt such as not addressing past injustices like redlining.
      4. Economics factors such as inequitable spending on school districts.
    4. Which of the following models support social justice and cultural restoration? Select all that apply.
      1. Banking model of education
      2. Culturally Responsive Education
      3. Pedagogy of the Oppressed
      4. Indigenization

    Chapter 9: Religion, Spiritual Belief Systems, and Social Change

    1. Which of the following statements describe how these early sociologists explained religion and spiritual belief systems in society? Select all that apply.
      1. Emile Durkheim saw religion as a source of social stability through solidarity and social integration focusing on how religion serves society.
      2. Max Weber believed religion could be a force for social change, as seen in a shift to a capitalist economy in Western Europe which was supported in part by a particular kind of religious belief.
      3. Karl Marx believed religion united the working class and empowered them to fight oppression.
    2. Feminist theology has been powerful in creating social change. However there are criticisms for lacking representation. Which examples illustrate how critical race and queer theories are expanding representation? Select all that apply.
      1. Arguing that lived experiences of white women are not universal.
      2. Including diverse representations such as the Yemanja festival in Brazil or the warrior women of Dahomey in feminist scholarship.
      3. Prioritizing Western religious traditions over Indigenous beliefs.
      4. Representing spiritual traditions that see gender as fluid or non-binary.
    3. Religion and spiritual belief systems can be used as a tool of oppression or to support social justice. Which statements illustrate how religion and spiritual beliefs can support social justice? Select all that apply.
      1. Black churches provide leadership and organization to civil rights movements.
      2. Religious institutions discourage activism in favor of maintaining traditional values.
      3. Blending traditions and worldviews, such as Día de Los Muertos as a means of resistance.
      4. Catholic leaders reform practices that promote the idea of the church as a servant of the people.
    4. Which of the below sentences best describes anthropocentrism? Select one.
      1. A perspective that the earth is for all generations and decisions today should reflect on the impact they will have in the future.
      2. A worldview that makes humans central to decisions about ethics and daily life.
      3. A belief system that warns against conspicuous consumption.

    Chapter 10: Social Movements and the Environment

    1. The DREAM Act and the Marriage Equality Act are examples of which types of movements? Select one.
      1. Conservative Revolutionary Movements
      2. Innovative Reform Movements
      3. Innovative Redemptive Movements
    2. According to the Innovation Network’s Social Movement Learning Project, which of the following are key elements of successful social movement-making? Select all that apply.
      1. Influencer Power
      2. Economic Power
      3. People Power
      4. Narrative Power
    3. Which of the below statements illustrate examples of Environmental inequity? Select all that apply.
      1. People of color are more likely to live near hazardous waste facilities.
      2. Neighborhoods that were once redlined have a larger share of homes endangered by flooding.
      3. Wealthy coastal communities are disproportionately impacted by environmental pollution.
      4. Migrant workers in California experience unsafe drinking water due to failing water systems.
      5. Black children are five times more likely to suffer from lead poisoning than white children.
    4. Which of the following statements are true about the environmental justice movements? Select all that apply.
      1. They are based on principles that all people have a right to be protected from environmental issues and to live in and enjoy a clean and healthful environment
      2. They focus exclusively on protecting wildlife and natural resources, without considering the impact on human communities.
      3. They are based on the assumption that environmental problems cannot be solved without unveiling practices that maintain social injustices.

    Answer Key

    Chapter 1: How Does Social Change Matter to You?

    1. An “equity lens” means different things to different people. How is an equity lens defined in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. Avoiding conflict or confrontation between different cultures.
      2. Recognizing that we do not all receive the same power and resources in society. (correct)
      3. Acting to address imbalances in resources by dismantling systems of power, privilege, and oppression. (correct)
      4. Acknowledging that race, ethnicity, gender and sexual expression are related to social inequality. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: An equity lens accepts differences across culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual expression. It also asks how those differences, along with unequal access to power and resources, influence the lived experiences of individuals in society.
    2. Studying social change with an equity lens means being vigilant about identifying the (often hidden) role that marginalized peoples play. Why are some social roles hidden? Select all that apply.
      1. The majority of sociologists today are white, upper-middle-class professionals who can easily overlook the work of Black people, Indigenous people, and People of Color (BIPOC), gender diverse people, and people with disabilities. (correct)
      2. Written history is dominated by eurocentricism, or the mindset that assumes White ways of knowing are superior to all others. (correct)
      3. Colonial legacies continue to dismiss the social roles of non-white peoples. (correct)
      4. Social change movements are primarily led by the people groups with the most privilege.
      5. Answer feedback: An equity lens recognizes the contributions of historically marginalized groups. People who are BIPOC, gender diverse, and have disabilities create social movements despite limited access to power and resources.
    3. The Peace Community of San José de Apartadó recently celebrated 25 years of peaceful resistance to local guerrilla movements, paramilitary forces, and the Colombian army. What factors made this social change movement successful? Select all that apply.
      1. Peace Community members look to memories of the people they lost during the war to organize for their future. (correct)
      2. Peace Community members continue the cycle of violence by embracing vindictive action.
      3. Peace Community members form tight-knit working groups to more safely work in their fields. (correct)
      4. International human rights protectors partner with Peace Community members. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: By strengthening relationships with one another and the international community, members make access to their lands safer. Remembering loved ones and ancestors lost to violence guides and motivates members to create a new path to the future.
    4. Climate change dramatically impacts societies, especially the Sámi people. How does climate change impact social change for the Sámi? Select all that apply.
      1. The Sámi people live with such direct dependence on the natural world that they are dramatically affected by environmental changes. (correct)
      2. Suicide rates in Sweden among the Sámi people can be up to four times higher than the national average. (correct)
      3. Without reindeer, herders can’t earn a living by selling reindeer for meat and their hides. (correct)
      4. As Sámi culture depends on the survival of the reindeer, climate change poses a direct threat not only to individuals but to an entire people. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: As the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, Sámi face increased challenges to their reindeer husbandry, survival, and way of life. Indigenous people the world over tend to be the first to feel the effects of climate change.

    Chapter 2: The Study of Social Change

    1. It’s always difficult to translate meaning across language. However, what is the best way to explain the concept Buen Vivir? Select all that apply.
      1. Buen Vivir means Plentiful Life, or a life in harmony. (correct)
      2. Buen Vivir is the Spanish translation for sumak kawsay, an Aymaran and Quechua concept of applying memories from the past to create a dignified life in the present. (correct)
      3. Buen Vivir is a powerful social movement because it pays attention to how social locations determine human experience. (correct)
      4. Buen Vivir has not been seriously referenced in national laws or international conferences.
      5. Answer feedback: Buen Vivir guided national laws in Bolivia and Ecuador thanks to the advocacy of Indigenous organizations and coalitions of the Andean world. Buen Vivir motivates global study and research, generating a widespread movement for social change.
    2. Which of the following are key sociological questions when studying social change? Select all that apply.
      1. How do we give meaning and value to behavior, ideas, or objects? (correct)
      2. What are the processes and patterns of social change? (correct)
      3. What are the connections between our environmental crisis and society? (correct)
      4. What do we need to know to make effective decisions to improve the environment as a society? (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: The study of social change is about asking questions. These questions examine how society influences our individual decisions. They also ask how collective decisions shape our possible futures.
    3. Social institutions change over time. Which of the following are examples of this phenomenon? Select all that apply.
      1. Once the U.S. economy became industrialized, there was no longer a need for large families to produce enough manual labor to run a farm so family size grew smaller. (correct)
      2. In fact, all social institutions do not change when one institution changes, and this phenomenon is known as cultural lag.
      3. At the beginning of the 20th century, people built roads and highways for the new invention of cars. Families began living farther from each other and from their workplaces. (correct)
      4. E-mail, the Internet, and smartphones have enabled instant communication even in low-income parts of the world.
      5. Answer feedback: Cultural lag is the period of time between the introduction of new technology and the acceptance of the technology by institutions. It means that the change process can be slow. The final answer option does not name a specific social institution.
    4. Which of the following is true of the Sunrise Movement? Select all that apply.
      1. The Sunrise Movement is a civic society organization, or an organization that functions outside of government to advocate for social issues. (correct)
      2. In 2020, the Sunrise Movement forced Democrats running for president to outline their plans for cutting U.S. fossil fuel emissions. (correct)
      3. Young people mobilize the Sunrise Movement, showing the urgency that this social group experiences. (correct)
      4. The Sunrise Movement advocated for a set of policies that deny climate change.
      5. Answer feedback: The Sunrise Movement shows that environmental change is a social topic, as people organize to change their government and invest in Black, brown and working class communities.

    Chapter 3: Social Location and Social Theories

    1. Which of the following characteristics determine a person’s social location? Select all that apply.
      1. Social class, otherwise known as socioeconomic status (SES) (correct)
      2. Race (correct)
      3. Ethnicity (correct)
      4. Gender (correct)
      5. Sexual orientation (correct)
      6. Religion (correct)
      7. Ability (correct)
      8. Immigration (correct)
      9. Language (correct)
      10. Employment (correct)
      11. Answer feedback: Multiple identities determine someone’s social location. Sometimes these identities produce privilege and sometimes disadvantage. Power is unevenly distributed based on social identities.
    2. Sociology analyzes different kinds of racism at work in society. Which of the following are examples of structural racism? Select all that apply.
      1. One white person holds prejudice in thought or action and by their power discriminates against people of color.
      2. Institutions and policies interact over time to systematically privilege white people and disadvantage people of color. (correct)
      3. One school adopts unfair policies that produce racially inequitable outcomes for students of color and white students.
      4. An overarching system of racial bias across institutions and society produces violence upon bodies of color. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Racism operates between people as well as between institutions and entire social systems. Structural racism is the interaction of policies and many institutions that together privilege white people.
    3. What is an example of the way newer social theories differentiate from classical theories? Select all that apply.
      1. Postcolonial theory emerges from the social elite, not from people who survive and resist the power of empire.
      2. Critical race theory uses intersectionality to show how one’s racial experiences intersect with other identities, such as gender and sexuality. (correct)
      3. Feminist theories recognize that knowledge is static and objective.
      4. Classical theories do not differ in any meaningful way from newer theories.
      5. Answer feedback: Classical theories emerge from historically privileged racial and social groups, whereas newer theories emerge from people who thrive outside these elite circles. The inclusion of newer theories offers a more comprehensive method of analyzing social change.

    Chapter 4: Globalization and Inequality

    1. Sociologists study global stratification using three main lenses. Select the three lenses below.
      1. The unequal distribution of economic and social resources between nations. (correct)
      2. The unequal distribution of economic and social resources within nations (internal inequality). (correct)
      3. Measures within nations as compared with other nations. (correct)
      4. The superiority of the United States to all other nations.
      5. Answer feedback: Sociologists study the unequal distribution of resources by looking between, within, and across individual nations. One reason that the U.S. can’t be considered superior to all other nations is that it has produced immense inequality.
    2. Which of the following are used as indicators of quality of life in the study of global stratification? Select all that apply.
      1. Life expectancy (correct)
      2. The adult literacy rate (correct)
      3. Enrollment in primary, secondary, and higher education (correct)
      4. The effects of environmental degradation (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: All of the above are quality of life indicators.
    3. Which of the following statements accurately describes a theory of inequality as discussed in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. World systems analysis puts countries into three categories: core countries, peripheral countries, and semi-peripheral countries. (correct)
      2. Land grabs are an example of dependency theory, showing that low-income countries exploit high-income countries.
      3. Modernization theory is criticized for its ethnocentric bias because it assumes that “developed” countries are superior. (correct)
      4. Answer feedback: Dependency theory argues that high-income countries exploit middle-income and low-income countries. It explains global inequality in terms of power imbalances between countries. This theory developed in response to criticisms of modernization theory.
    4. How would an optimist globalist describe current trends in global inequality? Select all that apply.
      1. Technological innovation has led to improvements in medicine and communications networks. (correct)
      2. Global agribusiness has resulted in a dramatic and rapid deterioration of the world’s natural diversity.
      3. Our current economies enable a wealthy elite, or the 1%, to accumulate vast fortunes at the expense of ordinary people, particularly poor women and girls.
      4. Many consumers support people who live in poverty with their purchase choices by paying higher prices for fair trade products. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Pessimist globalists focus on the negative impacts of globalization, including the devastation of the natural world. Optimist globalists focus on the capacity for positive change such as increased life spans as a result of increased globalization.

    Chapter 5: Roots of Global Inequality, Decolonization, and Resistance

    1. Which of the following accurately describes an ideology of colonialism? Select all that apply.
      1. The white man’s burden depicts colonized people as childlike and dangerous and colonialing people as stern and wise parents. (correct)
      2. Neocolonialism emerged after World War II, as former colonial powers dominated newly independent nation-states using debt and trade agreements. (correct)
      3. The civilization mission justifies colonialism by asserting that colonization is best for the spiritual and moral interests of colonized people. (correct)
      4. Decolonization celebrates colonial rule and settlement, working to ensure that it continues.
      5. Answer feedback: Colonialist ideologies depict colonized people as inferior to colonizing people. Even after formal rule ends, colonial powers keep control of the wealth of former colonies. In contrast, decolonization works to return the cultural autonomy of nations.
    2. Which of the following accurately describe impacts of foreign aid as discussed in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. Since the 1970s, the number of preventable deaths of children under five has decreased by half with U.S. assistance. (correct)
      2. The global community has learned to measure, monitor, and improve severe levels of poverty since the era of foreign assistance and development began in the 1960s. (correct)
      3. When funds are given to struggling countries to serve the interests of donor nations, often called a “win-win,” more poverty and violence can occur. (correct)
      4. The Green Revolution program displaced farmers from their land and polluted soil and water. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Scientists, development professionals, and global activists learn a lot from decades of aid and development. While there are concrete gains for humanity as a result of foreign aid, there are also measurable losses often for the most vulnerable people.
    3. Which of the following statements is true of resistance movements as described in this chapter? Select all that apply.
      1. People haven’t just been fighting against imposed forms of power and exploitation, they have also been fighting for innumerable alternative ways of life. (correct)
      2. In 2006, protesting teachers in Oaxaca, Mexico created a camp in the city center, a tactic that would be used in Portland, Oregon, during Occupy Wall Street. (correct)
      3. Resistance to colonialism and globalization can be thought of as a “movement of movements,” where each movement has its own goals but also shared values and common antagonists. (correct)
      4. Resistance leaders call for a focus on inclusion and inclusive growth rather than just poverty (correct).
      5. Answer feedback: Resistance movements seek to challenge the injustices of the dominant paradigm and uplift alternative ways of knowing, relating, and living in community. In doing so, they remind us that the social world is made, and that it could be made differently.
    4. How do indigenous communities address global inequality? Select all that apply.
      1. Many Indigenous cultures manage the land, water, and ecosystems in which they live so that future generations can preserve their cultures. (correct)
      2. Indigenous communities apply the economic, political, and social systems of Western-dominated countries.
      3. As Indigenous land rights are protected, it gives Indigenous Peoples a platform to share their values of living as stewards of the natural world. (correct)
      4. Indigenous communities spark shifts in thinking about how our global economy operates and the ways to define and encourage development. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: While environmentally sustainable practices are being adopted by many Western people, as a whole, Western-dominated countries do not reflect indigenous values. This is a major contributing factor to environmental degradation on small and large scales.

    Chapter 6: Economy and Social Change

    1. Which critiques are more commonly associated with capitalism? Select all that apply.
      1. Slows technological advances.
      2. Benefits a small minority at the expense of many. (correct)
      3. Infringes on freedom with public ownership.
      4. Fosters exploitive labor relationships. (correct)
      5. Incentivizes war by continuously needing new markets and resources. (correct)
      6. Answer feedback: Critiques of capitalism often highlight concerns about inequality and exploitation of people and resources, while critiques of socialism focus more on limitations to individual freedoms and concerns about inefficiency or lack of innovation.
    2. Max Weber argued that the Protestant ethic helped pave the way for capitalism. Which of the following best illustrates the values of the Protestant ethic? Select all that apply.
      1. Reinvesting profits rather than spending. (correct)
      2. Working hard as a duty to God rather than to pay bills. (correct)
      3. Paying workers less in order to increase profits.
      4. Working to provide meaning and purpose to a person’s life. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Weber believed that Protestant values such as frugality and work as a “calling” aligned with its influence on capitalism.
    3. The New Deal helped reduce income inequality with multiple government initiatives. Which of the following is NOT part of the New Deal initiative. Select one.
      1. Created well-paid government jobs.
      2. Created a social safety net with programs such as Social Security and Unemployment..
      3. Decreased regulations on corporations and banks. (correct)
      4. Increased public works projects such as building roads and bridges.
      5. Answer feedback: The New Deal increased regulations on corporations and banks designed to protect the public interest. However, since the mid 1970s, income inequality has dramatically increased due to reversal of New Deal type policies.
    4. New economic models and measurements are being developed that address issues such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. Which of the following are aspects of some new economic models and measurements? Select all that apply.
      1. Localization (correct)
      2. Balancing social needs without exceeding environmental limits (correct)
      3. Re-evaluating Growth (correct)
      4. Gross national Happiness Index (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: All of the above are aspects of new economic models or measurements. They respond to growing awareness that conventional economic models are not providing solutions to the challenges we face today.

    Chapter 7: Health, Safety, and the State

    1. Which of the following statements illustrate the evaluation of healthcare through a social construction lens? Select all that apply.
      1. Labeling certain conditions such as chronic fatigue as psychological or imagined. (correct)
      2. Stigmatizing one disease such as AIDS over another. (correct)
      3. Treating all medical conditions as purely biological with no social influence.
      4. Medicalizing natural functions such as menstruation or expressions such as homosexuality. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Evaluating healthcare through a social construction lens involves seeing the interactions in society that shape our understanding of health and illness. Examples include labeling or stigmatizing conditions or diseases, and medicalizing natural functions.
    2. Which of the following are examples of how class, racism, and gender influence the ability to live in safety and security in the United States? Select all that apply.
      1. The only nearby food markets are convenience stores. (correct)
      2. A hurricane knocks out power to an entire city.
      3. All of the community’s affordable housing is built in a flood plain. (correct)
      4. A person needs to work two jobs in order to pay the rent. (correct)
      5. Affordable reproductive care is available regardless of income level.
      6. Answer feedback: Issues such as limited access to healthy food, affordable housing in vulnerable areas, and the need to work multiple jobs for basic living expenses reflect how class, racism, and gender can influence safety and security.
    3. Colonization shapes issues around health and safety. For example, owning land is a Colonial worldview. Which of the following are other examples of a Colonial worldview? Select all that apply.
      1. Building a dam to control the flow of a river and produce energy. (correct)
      2. Creating a communal garden.
      3. Displacing communities to build an interstate freeway. (correct)
      4. Giving birth at a center that involves midwives, family, and traditional rituals.
      5. Privatizing water resources for industrial use. (correct)
      6. Answer feedback: Colonial worldview prioritizes land as a resource, individualism and symptoms-based medical approaches. While the Indigenous worldview prioritizes land as sacred, community, and a more holistic medical approach.
    4. Transformative Justice is an alternative approach that can help us reframe how we think of public safety. Which of the statements below illustrate Transformative Justice practices? Select all that apply.
      1. Addressing the root causes of oppression. (correct)
      2. Hiring more BIPOC police officers.
      3. Responding to violence without creating more violence. (correct)
      4. Addressing a community member’s abusive behavior, creating a process for accountability and transformation. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Transformative Justice (TJ) seeks to address violence, harm, and abuse by transforming the conditions that enable them, without involving the criminal justice system. Hiring BIPOC police officers is a reform of current policies, not an example of TJ.

    Chapter 8: Education: Inequality and Justice

    1. Which statement below best reflects what a Conflict theorist focuses on when studying education? Select one.
      1. Focus on the cultural symbols present in an educational setting and their meaning.
      2. Focus on how education either maintains or challenges unequal social power and reinforces societal inequalities. (correct)
      3. Focus on the positive functions that education fulfills like socialization and skill building.
      4. Answer feedback: Conflict theorists examine how education reinforces or challenges social inequalities by maintaining power dynamics that benefit dominant groups. A functionalist might focus on positive functions and the symbolic interactionist might focus on cultural symbols.
    2. Which of the following are examples of cultural capital in education? Select all that apply.
      1. Knowledge and understanding of language and etiquette used in academic settings. (correct)
      2. Natural athletic ability that leads to a scholarship.
      3. Access to after school programs that prepare students to complete college applications. (correct)
      4. Vocabulary on standardized tests that tests knowledge related to specific cultures. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Cultural capital includes non-financial assets like language, cultural norms, and access to enrichment activities that support student success.
    3. Which of the following are characteristics of educational debt? Select all that apply.
      1. Sociopolitical factors such as voting barriers that exclude people from decision-making that impacts school districts. (correct)
      2. Natural fluctuations in population that impact enrollment and funding.
      3. Moral debt such as not addressing past injustices like redlining. (correct)
      4. Economics factors such as inequitable spending on school districts. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Educational debt focuses on systemic inequalities over time, like sociopolitical barriers, economic disparities, and moral obligations but not fluctuations of population.
    4. Which of the following models support social justice and cultural restoration? Select all that apply.
      1. Banking model of education
      2. Culturally Responsive Education (correct)
      3. Pedagogy of the Oppressed (correct)
      4. Indigenization (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Models like Culturally responsive education, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, and Indigenization all foster social justice and cultural restoration. The banking model, however, promotes a passive, non-transformative approach.

    Chapter 9: Religion, Spiritual Belief Systems, and Social Change

    1. Which of the following statements describe how these early sociologists explained religion and spiritual belief systems in society? Select all that apply.
      1. Emile Durkheim saw religion as a source of social stability through solidarity and social integration focusing on how religion serves society. (correct)
      2. Max Weber believed religion could be a force for social change, as seen in a shift to a capitalist economy in Western Europe which was supported in part by a particular kind of religious belief. (correct)
      3. Karl Marx believed religion united the working class and empowered them to fight oppression.
      4. Answer feedback: While Durkheim saw religion as a source of stability and Weber saw it could be a force for change, Karl Marx viewed religion as a tool used by capitalist societies to perpetuate inequality and the status quo by claiming it was part of the divine plan.
    2. Feminist theology has been powerful in creating social change. However there are criticisms for lacking representation. Which examples illustrate how critical race and queer theories are expanding representation? Select all that apply.
      1. Arguing that lived experiences of white women are not universal. (correct)
      2. Including diverse representations such as the Yemanja festival in Brazil or the warrior women of Dahomey in feminist scholarship. (correct)
      3. Prioritizing Western religious traditions over Indigenous beliefs.
      4. Representing spiritual traditions that see gender as fluid or non-binary. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Critical race and queer theories are challenging the dominance of white and Western perspectives.
    3. Religion and spiritual belief systems can be used as a tool of oppression or to support social justice. Which statements illustrate how religion and spiritual beliefs can support social justice? Select all that apply.
      1. Black churches provide leadership and organization to civil rights movements. (correct)
      2. Religious institutions discourage activism in favor of maintaining traditional values.
      3. Blending traditions and worldviews, such as Día de Los Muertos as a means of resistance. (correct)
      4. Catholic leaders reform practices that promote the idea of the church as a servant of the people. (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: Religion can be a powerful force for social justice as seen in the Black churches, blended traditions and religious reforms. Discouraging activism is not aligned with supporting social justice.
    4. Which of the below sentences best describes anthropocentrism? Select one.
      1. A perspective that the earth is for all generations and decisions today should reflect on the impact they will have in the future.
      2. A worldview that makes humans central to decisions about ethics and daily life. (correct)
      3. A belief system that warns against conspicuous consumption.
      4. Answer feedback: Anthropocentrism places humans at the center of ethical and daily decisions. The other options reflect perspectives focused on intergenerational responsibility and environmental care, which are found in various cultural and philosophical traditions.

    Chapter 10: Social Movements and the Environment

    1. The DREAM Act and the Marriage Equality Act are examples of which types of movements? Select one.
      1. Conservative Revolutionary Movements
      2. Innovative Reform Movements (correct)
      3. Innovative Redemptive Movements
      4. Answer feedback: Both movements use legal and political frameworks to achieve change, aiming for systemic reform. They are also “innovative” because they challenge traditional social norms and push for new societal structures and rights.
    2. According to the Innovation Network’s Social Movement Learning Project, which of the following are key elements of successful social movement-making? Select all that apply.
      1. Influencer Power (correct)
      2. Economic Power
      3. People Power (correct)
      4. Narrative Power (correct)
      5. Answer feedback: According to the Innovation Network (Figure 10.25), institutional power, influencer power, people power, and narrative power are all key elements of successful social movement-making.
    3. Which of the below statements illustrate examples of Environmental inequity? Select all that apply.
      1. People of color are more likely to live near hazardous waste facilities. (correct)
      2. Neighborhoods that were once redlined have a larger share of homes endangered by flooding. (correct)
      3. Wealthy coastal communities are disproportionately impacted by environmental pollution.
      4. Migrant workers in California experience unsafe drinking water due to failing water systems. (correct)
      5. Black children are five times more likely to suffer from lead poisoning than white children. (correct)
      6. Answer feedback: Environmental Inequity has many forms and disproportionately affects low-income communities and people of color.
    4. Which of the following statements are true about the environmental justice movements? Select all that apply.
      1. They are based on principles that all people have a right to be protected from environmental issues and to live in and enjoy a clean and healthful environment (correct)
      2. They focus exclusively on protecting wildlife and natural resources, without considering the impact on human communities.
      3. They are based on the assumption that environmental problems cannot be solved without unveiling practices that maintain social injustices. (correct)
      4. Answer feedback: Key principles of environmental justice include a right to a clean environment and addressing social injustices. The movements focus on human communities as well as wildlife and natural resources.