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14.3B: Religion and Social Support

  • Page ID
    8395
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    According to many social science studies, psychological well-being is positively correlated with religious engagement.

    Learning Objectives

    • Discuss the relationship between religion and social and individual well-being

    Key Points

    • Many studies suggest that religious people are happier and less stressed than their non-religious counterparts.
    • The Legatum Prosperity Index reflects the research that there is a positive link between religious engagement and well-being.
    • Religiosity has a salutary relationship with psychological adjustment, because it is related to less psychological distress, more life satisfaction, and better self-actualization.

    Key Terms

    • well-being: a state of health, happiness and/or prosperity
    • self-actualization: Self-actualization is a term that has been used in various psychology theories, often in slightly different ways. The term was originally introduced by the organismic theorist Kurt Goldstein for the motive to realize one’s full potential. However, the concept was brought most fully to prominence in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, in which “self-actualization” was the final level of psychological development that can be achieved when all basic and mental needs are fulfilled. In such a case, the “actualization” of full personal potential takes place.
    • religiosity: An index of how strongly religious a person is

    Religion and Health

    There is now extensive research suggesting that religious people are happier and less stressed than their non-religious counterparts. Social scientists have identified a number of mechanisms that might explain why religion might make an individual happier, none of which rest on the explanation of divine intervention or supernatural phenomenon. Certain features of religious practice may facilitate greater well-being for members. These include the following:

    • basic social contact
    • a large, non-family network of social support
    • the positive mental health one derived from optimism and volunteering,
    • coping strategies to enhance one’s ability to deal with stress
    • a worldview that prevents existential questions from arising

    Scientific Studies of Religion and Health

    The Legatum Prosperity Index reflects the research that suggests that there is a positive link between religious engagement and well-being. People who report that God is very important in their lives are on average more satisfied with their lives, after accounting for their income, age and other individual characteristics that might bias results. A 1993 study by Kosmin & Lachman indicated that people without a religious affiliation appeared to be at greater risk for depressive symptoms than individuals affiliated with a religion. Surveys by Gallup, the National Opinion Research Center and the Pew Organization conclude that spiritually committed people are twice as likely to report being “very happy” than the least religiously committed people. An analysis of over 200 studies contends that high religiousness predicts a lower risk of depression, a lower risk of drug abuse, fewer suicide attempts. Those same studies associate religious involvement with reports of higher satisfaction with sex life and a sense of well-being. A review of 498 peer-review academic studies revealed that a large majority of them showed a positive correlation between religious commitment and higher levels of perceived well-being of self-esteem. These same studies revealed a positive correlation between religious involvement and lower levels of hypertension, depression, and clinical delinquency. A meta-analysis of 34 recent studies published between 1990 and 2001 found that religiosity has a salutary relationship with psychological adjustment. Religious involvement was related to less psychological distress, more life satisfaction, and better self-actualization. Finally, as signaled in a recent review of 850 research papers, the majority of well-conducted studies suggest that higher levels of religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, and higher morale). In these studies, religious involvement was associated with less depression, fewer suicidal thoughts, and less drug alcohol abuse.

    image
    Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism: An apparently happy man wears the 5 Dhyani Buddhas Crown and holds a Flower and Dorje (vajra).

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    CC LICENSED CONTENT, SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTION

    • social cohesion. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/social_cohesion. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Sociology of religion. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolo...9mile_Durkheim. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Social cohesion. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cohesion. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Social control. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_control. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Existentialism. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • social control. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/social_control. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Upper church - the congregation gathers_0775 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Provided by: Flickr. Located at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/emeryjl/505296571/. License: CC BY: Attribution
    • Religion and happiness. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_happiness. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Boundless. Provided by: Boundless Learning. Located at: www.boundless.com//sociology/...on/religiosity. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • well-being. Provided by: Wiktionary. Located at: en.wiktionary.org/wiki/well-being. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • self-actualization. Provided by: Wikipedia. Located at: en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/self-actualization. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
    • Upper church - the congregation gathers_0775 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Provided by: Flickr. Located at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/emeryjl/505296571/. License: CC BY: Attribution
    • The Empowered; Happiness is wearing the 5 Dhyani Buddhas Crown and Holding a Flower and Dorje (vajra), Initiate, Highest Yoga Tantra initiation, Hevajra, Tharlam Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism, Boudha, Kathmandu, Nepal | Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Provided by: Flickr. Located at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/4238484609/. License: CC BY: Attribution

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