8.6: Notes
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- Matt Sienkiewicz
- University of California Press
1 Vincent Brossel, Jean-François Julliard, and Reza Moini, Afghanistan: What Gains for Press Freedom from Hamid Karzai’s Seven Years as President? (Paris: Reporters Without Borders, 2009), 3.
2 George W. Bush, “Remarks by President George W. Bush at the 20th Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy,” National Endowment for Democracy , www.ned.org/remarks-by-president-george-w-bush-at-the-20th-anniversary/.
3 George W. Bush, “Transcript of President Bush’s Address,” CNN , September 21, 2001, http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/20...sh.transcript/ .
4 Lynn Spigel, “Entertainment Wars: Television Culture after 9/11,” American Quarterly 56.2 (2004): 249.
5 Carol A. Stabile and Deepa Kumar, “Unveiling Imperialism: Media, Gender and the War on Afghanistan,” Media, Culture & Society 27.5 (2005): 766.
6 Ibid., 773.
7 Lina Abirafeh, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan: The Politics and Effects of Intervention (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009).
8 Zoya, John Follain, Rita Cristofari, and Rita Wolf, Zoya’s Story: An Afghan Woman’s Struggle for Freedom (New York: HarperCollins, 2002).
9 Latifa, My Forbidden Face (London: Virago, 2002).
10 Abirafeh, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan , 28.
11 Islah Jad, “The NGO‐isation of Arab Women’s Movements,” IDS Bulletin 35.4 (2004): 34–42.
12 Abirafeh, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan , 30.
13 Ibid., 16.
14 Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East (New York: Free Press, 1958).
15 James Miller. “NGOs and ‘Modernization’ and ‘Democratization’ of Media: Situating Media Assistance.” Global Media and Communication 5.1 (2009): 16.
16 Herman Wasserman and Shakuntala Rao, “The Glocalization of Journalism Ethics.” Journalism 9.2 (2008): 163–181.
17 Miller, “NGOs and Modernization,” 16.
18 Michael Curtin, Playing to the World’s Biggest Audience: The Globalization of Chinese Film and TV (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).
19 Michael J. Barker. “Democracy or Polyarchy? US-Funded Media Developments in Afghanistan and Iraq post 9/11,” Media, Culture, and Society 30.1 (2008): 119.
20 Abirafeh, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan , 19.
21 Habib Amiri, personal communication, June 2013.
22 Barker, “Democracy or Polyarchy?” 109–130.
23 This is not to say that such a person might not exist. However, the trend of young women serving as producers under slightly less young males was remarkable in its consistency during my Skype and Facebook interviews.
24 Wazhmah Osman, “Thinking outside the Box: Television and the Afghan Culture Wars” (PhD diss., New York University, 2012), 132.
25 Rokhsar Azamee, personal communication, June 2013.
26 I realize this is a serious accusation, but I firmly believe it to be the case. In my discussions, multiple young male producers, whom I will not name in this context, attested to working shifts lasting over twenty-four hours. To them, these tasks seemed more or less akin to that of a college student pulling an all-nighter—stories recounted with nostalgia but nonetheless indicative of labor exploitation.
27 A lead producer of multiple high-rating Tolo shows might make as little as $1,200/month in a city that suffers from considerable housing and food inflation.
28 Colin Soloway and Abubaker Saddigue, USAID’s Assistance to the Media Sector in Afghanistan (Washington: USAID, 2005).
29 Abirafeh, Gender and International Aid in Afghanistan .
30 Abdul Ahad Ranjbar, personal communication, June 2013.
31 Ibid., 408.
32 Ibid., 409.
33 Mobina Khairandish, personal communication, June 2013.
34 Farida Nekzad, personal communication, June 2013.
35 Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others,” American Anthropologist 104.3 (2002): 785.
36 Ibid., 784.
37 David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism (London: Oxford University Press, 2005), 78.
38 Which is not to say, however, that America did not play a role in bringing Afghanistan to the state it is currently in.