1.8: Conclusion and Exercises
- Page ID
- 237245
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This chapter explored the benefits of studying public speaking. We explained three types of speeches: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. We also learned about the key elements of the process of communication, and we provided two models that work to explain this process. The speeches you give will be given in a particular context. In your role as communicator, you will encode and deliver a message, which will then be decoded by audience members (also communicators). At the same time, you are speaking, you will be receiving verbal and nonverbal feedback from the audience. The way that the message is decoded will depend entirely on the amount of noise interfering with the message as well as the worldviews of audience members. We explored the Greek and Roman history of public speaking and we discussed the importance of considering the practice of public speaking throughout history and around the world.
Review Questions
- What are the personal, professional and public benefits of enhancing your public speaking skills?
- What is the difference between the linear and transactional model of communication?
- Explain the difference between the goals of an informative speech and a persuasive speech.
- Provide an example of speech to entertain.
- Define and give an original example of each of the elements of the communication process.
- Explain and provide an example for each of the four types of noise.
- Which of the elements of the communication process do you think has the greatest impact on the way a message is interpreted? Explain.
- What do the Roman and Greek traditions of public speaking refer to?
- How might we question and decenter the history of public speaking?
- Name and explain an example of a speech that had an impact on you. Explain the how and why to speech had an impact on you, in detail.
- Consider the statement, “History is never neutral or objective.” What does this mean? Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? Can you think of examples that support or contradict this statement? What does this have to do with public speaking?
- What are the implications and consequences of emphasizing European history and norms of public speaking norms at schools and in textbooks?
Exercises
1. Have students consider and write a response to the question below. After they have drafted their responses, pair or group students to share and discuss their responses. Next, bring the class together for a group discussion about the range of qualities that are part of being a “good” speaker and the diversity of public speaking practices.
2. Who is someone from your community or that you share similarities with, in terms of your cultural identity or background, you consider to be a “good” public speaker? What characteristics and qualities make that person a “good” speaker? You may also explain why you connect and identify with that speaker.
3. Note that responses do not need to be tied to “traditional” public speakers or political speech. There are many different types of public speakers—comedians, entertainers, religious leaders, various types of professionals, etc. Also, don’t forget the public speakers you’ve had contact with in your own daily lives and experiences.
Moving Forward
| Chapter | Chapter Title | Chapter Overview |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to Public Speaking | Explains why public speaking is important, models and theories of communication, and the history of public speaking. |
| 2 | Communication Apprehension | We will cover why so many people experience anxiety around public speaking and communicating and how we can develop coping skills. |
| 3 | Developing a Topic for Your Speech |
Before writing your speech, you will learn how to choose a topic and decide whether you are informing or persuading your audience or marking a special occasion. |
| 4 | Ethics and Public Speaking | Addresses the importance of ethical communication, types of credibility, as well as plagiarism. |
| 5 | Audience Analysis | This chapter covers the first step to writing your speech: figuring out who your audience is! |
| 6 | Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments | This chapter underscores the significance of evidence and context in claims, examining unsupported assertions. |
| 7 | Researching Your Topic | In this chapter you will learn how to research and find credible and reliable evidence. |
| 8 | Organization and Outlining Your Speech | Explains various ways to arrange the main points of a speech and how to write out the parts of a speech in an outline. |
| 9 | Introductions and Conclusions Matter | Explores the various criteria of an effective introduction and effective conclusion and how to craft introductions and conclusions. |
| 10 | Informative Speaking | This chapter explores what informative speaking is and how to develop an effective informative speech. |
| 11 |
Using Language Well |
This chapter highlights the importance of language in effective speech delivery, focusing on word choice for clarity, vividness, and ethical considerations. |
| 12 | Delivering Your Speech | In this chapter you will learn strategies and tips for effective verbal and nonverbal delivery. |
| 13 | Mediated Communication | In this chapter you will learn how to give a successful speech/presentation through technology such as Zoom, Google Meet, Teams, etc. |
| 14 | Presentation Aids-Design and Usage | This chapter will cover how to incorporate presentation aids successfully in your speech. |
| 15 | Listening | This chapter discusses improving listening skills, differentiating between listening and hearing, and addressing challenges like noise and biases. |
| 16 | Persuasive Speaking | This chapter discusses persuasive speaking's goal to influence positive change through tailored arguments and ethical communication. |
| 17 | Logical Reasoning | This chapter emphasizes critical thinking's significance in daily life, distinguishing it from simply being critical. It discusses the importance of logical arguments and fallacies in decision-making and public speaking. |
| 20 | Special Occasion Speaking | In the event you ever have to give a wedding toast, eulogy, or any other special occasion speech, this chapter will cover how to put together a short speech for any occasion. |