9.5: End of Chapter Synthesis
- Page ID
- 212579
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Chapter Summary: Political Geography
This comprehensive chapter on political geography explores the intricate connections between geography and politics, providing a thorough understanding of how spatial factors influence political activities and structures. The chapter begins by examining the cooperation between states through military and economic alliances, including detailed discussions on the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It also addresses the complexities of boundaries and boundary disputes, highlighting the geopolitical tensions that arise from these issues.
The interplay of politics and power is explored through the lens of federalism, with a specific comparison between the US federal system and other governmental structures. Separatist movements and the quest for self-determination are analyzed, showcasing how constructed identities and cultural affiliations drive political aspirations. The chapter delves into various political cultures, describing Western libertarians, Southern traditionalists, New England progressives, and centrists, and examines the origins of political orientations.
Electoral politics are thoroughly covered, with sections on boundary drawing, gerrymandering, and electoral cartography. The impact of these practices on political representation and power dynamics is critically analyzed. The chapter also includes a fascinating look at political landscapes and their historical and cultural significance, with a special focus on Greece's political heritage.
The relationship between crime and geography is a major theme, exploring spatial patterns of crime, crime mapping, and analysis. The chapter discusses various theories and approaches to understanding crime, including social disorganization theory, broken windows theory, and zero tolerance policing. It also covers temperance movements, the history of illicit substances like "white lightning," and contemporary issues such as marijuana legalization and the opioid crisis.
Overall, this chapter provides a detailed examination of political geography, offering insights into how geographic factors shape political behaviors, structures, and conflicts.
Key Definitions
- Political Geography: The study of the spatial distribution of political processes and how they are affected by geographic factors.
- Military Alliances: Agreements between countries to provide mutual support in case of conflict, such as NATO.
- Terrorism: The use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, to pursue political aims.
- Economic Alliances: Partnerships between countries to promote economic cooperation and trade, such as the European Union (EU) and NAFTA.
- Boundaries: Dividing lines between territories, states, or nations, often sources of disputes.
- Boundary Disputes: Conflicts that arise over the location, size, and influence of geographic boundaries.
- Federalism: A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states in the US.
- Separatist Movements: Political movements that seek to break away from a larger political entity to form an independent state.
- Self-Determination: The right of a people to decide their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.
- Constructed Identities: Social identities shaped by historical, cultural, and political contexts.
- Political Cultures: Distinctive sets of political values and practices shared by groups within a society.
- Electoral Politics: The processes and strategies involved in electing representatives to government positions.
- Boundary Drawing: The process of defining electoral district boundaries.
- Gerrymandering: The manipulation of electoral boundaries to favor one party or class.
- Electoral Cartography: The creation and study of maps that represent electoral data and political boundaries.
- Political Landscapes: The visible imprint of political processes on the physical landscape, including monuments, buildings, and land use.
- Crime and Punishment: The study of legal and illegal behaviors and the societal responses to them.
- Spatial Patterns of Crime: The distribution of criminal activities across different geographic areas.
- Crime Mapping and Analysis: The use of geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze and visualize crime data.
- Social Disorganization Theory: A theory that attributes increases in crime and deviance to the breakdown of community relationships and social institutions.
- Broken Windows Theory: The idea that visible signs of disorder and neglect create an environment that encourages further crime and anti-social behavior.
- Zero Tolerance Policing: A strict enforcement approach to minor crimes and infractions in an effort to prevent more serious crimes.
- Temperance Movements: Social movements that advocate for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption.
- White Lightning: A colloquial term for illegally produced high-proof distilled spirits, also known as moonshine.
- Marijuana and Medical Marijuana: The use of cannabis for recreational or medicinal purposes, with varying legal statuses across regions.
- Opioid Crisis: The widespread abuse of and addiction to opioid medications, leading to significant public health challenges.
Attributions:
This text was remixed from the following OER Texts under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share and Share a like 4.0 international license unless otherwise specified.
- OER (1 of 2): Introduction to Human Geography edited by Dorrell & Henderson, Published by University of North Georgia University Press. https://web.ung.edu/media/university-press/human-geography_v2.pdf?t=1700179494361
OER (2 of 2): Introduction to human Geography A Disciplinary Approach 3rd Edition by Graves. Published California State University Northridge Department of Geography https://sites.google.com/site/gravesgeography/introduction-to-human-geography