9.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 281063
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
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| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  |
The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolute poverty | deprivation so severe that it puts day-to-day survival in jeopardy. | ||||
| caste system | a system in which people are born into a social standing that they will retain their entire lives | ||||
| class | a group who shares a common social status based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation | ||||
| class system | social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments | ||||
| class traits | the typical behaviors, customs, and norms that define each class (also called class markers) | ||||
| closed system | a system of stratification that accommodates little change in social position. | ||||
| conspicuous consumption | the act of buying and using products to make a statement about one’s social standing | ||||
| Davis-Moore thesis | a thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity and is functional | ||||
| downward mobility | a lowering of one’s social class | ||||
| endogamous marriages | unions of people within the same social category | ||||
| exogamous unions | unions of spouses from different social categories | ||||
| global stratification | a comparison of the wealth, status, power, and economic stability of countries as a whole | ||||
| ideology | the cultural belief system that justifies a society’s system of stratification | ||||
| income | the money a person earns from work or investments | ||||
| intergenerational mobility | a difference in social class between different generations of a family | ||||
| intragenerational mobility | changes in a person's social mobility over the course of their lifetime. | ||||
| meritocracy | an ideal system in which personal effort—or merit—determines social standing | ||||
| open system | a system of stratification, based on achievement, that allows some movement and interaction between layers and classes. | ||||
| primogeniture | a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son | ||||
| relative poverty | is not having the means to live the lifestyle of the average person in your country | ||||
| social mobility | the ability to change positions within a social stratification system | ||||
| social stratification | a socioeconomic system that divides society’s members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power, and prestige. Also called inequality. | ||||
| socioeconomic status (SES) | an individual’s level of wealth, power, and prestige | ||||
| standard of living | the level of wealth available to acquire material goods and comforts to maintain a particular socioeconomic lifestyle | ||||
| status consistency | the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual’s rank across social categories like wealth, power, and prestige | ||||
| structural mobility | a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder | ||||
| upward mobility | an increase—or upward shift—in social class | ||||
| wealth | the value of money and assets a person has from, for example, inheritance or salary. |