1.11: Glossary
- Page ID
- 290941
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- Anarchism: The rejection of all coercive government. Anarcho-communism seeks radical equality and communal sharing; Anarcho-capitalism allows for radical inequality and corporate hierarchies.
- Bourgeoisie/Proletariat: The Marxist categories for the capitalist class (owners) and the working class (laborers), respectively.
- Contested Concept: A term (like "freedom") with no single, universally shared definition.
- Egalitarianism: The belief in the desirability of equality across three dimensions: equal rights, equal power/standing, and approximately equal possessions.
- Fascism: A far-right ideology emphasizing ultranationalism, totalitarianism, and the belief that human inequality is "immutable, fruitful, and beneficial."
- Hegemony: A belief system so dominant that alternative ways of thinking are nearly inconceivable. Example: The way capitalist "common sense" makes us view private property as a natural right.
- Heuristic (Local vs. Absolute Spectrum): An organizing device or metaphor used to categorize beliefs. Note: The local spectrum shows the "center" of a specific society, while the absolute spectrum shows all modern ideological options.
- Inegalitarianism: The rejection of human equality, often advocating for concentrated power (as in Fascism) or the acceptance of massive material disparity.
- Political Ideology: A configuration of concepts that describes and assesses the social world to mobilize people for action.
- Pluralist Approach: An analytical perspective treating various ideologies as plausible options rather than assuming one is "correct." Why it matters: It fosters humility and empathy toward disagreeing views.
- Utopian Fantasy: A vision of society perceived as unrealistic. Ideology, by contrast, must adhere to "ought implies can"—the belief that the vision is actually achievable.