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References for Conflict, War, and Terrorism

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    Alexander, Michelle. 2010. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. 

    Anti-Apartheid Legacy. 2025. Apartheid: A Short History. https://antiapartheidlegacy.org.uk/heritage-arts-culture/history/apartheid-a-short-history/

    Applebaum, Anne. 2011. “The Price We Paid for the War on Terror.” The Washington Post.

    Arias, Oscar. 1999. “Stopping America’s Most Lethal Export.” New York Times.

    Arquilla, John, and Fogelson-Lubliner. 2011. “The Pentagon’s Biggest Boondoggles.” New York Times.

    Ashton, Adam. 2011. “Children of Deployed Troops Struggle, Study Finds.” Bangor Daily News. http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find.

    Auerbach, Michael and Jeremy Baker. 2021. U.S. Politics: The Military-Industrial Complex. EBSCO Research Starters. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/us-politics-military-industrial-complex.

    Bacevich, Andrew. 2011. Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books.

    Baker, Lisa. 2012. “A Concerted Effort Needed to Help Homeless Veterans.” The Times-Leader. http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN-LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless+veterans.

    Boot, Max. 2012. “Slashing America’s Defense: A Suicidal Trajectory.” Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989.

    British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2022. Who Are the Uyghurs and Why is China Being Accused of Genocide? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-22278037.

    British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2025. What is Hamas and Why Is It Fighting with Israel in Gaza? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyv7w3gdy2o.

    Brown, Dee Alexander. 2009. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. New York, NY: Sterling Innovation.

    Brown, Richard Maxwell. 1989. “Historical Patterns of Violence.” Pp. 23–61 in Violence in America: Protest, Rebellion, Reform, Vol. 2, edited by T. R. Gurr. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

    Caffrey, Cait. 2023. White Nationalism. EBSCO Research Starters. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/political-science/white-nationalism.

    Castelli, Christopher J. 2012. “DOD: New Nuclear Subs Will Cost $347 Billion to Acquire, Operate.” InsideDefense.com NewsStand. http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html.

    Cheema, Zainab. 2025. White Supremacy. American University. https://subjectguides.library.american.edu/c.php?g=1025915&p=7749719.

    Cole, David, and Jules Lobel. 2007. Less Safe, Less Free: Why America Is Losing the War on Terror. New York, NY: New Press.

    Congressional Budget Office. 2025. Discretionary Spending in Fiscal Year 2024: An Infographic. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61184.

    Council on Foreign Relations. 2025. What is Diplomacy? https://education.cfr.org/learn/reading/what-diplomacy

    Dao, James. 2012. “Acting Out War’s Inner Wounds.” New York Times, January 2.

    USAspending.gov. 2025. Department of Defense (DOD). Agency Profile. https://www.usaspending.gov/agency/department-of-defense?fy=2025.

    Department of Homeland Security. 2022. Reference Aid: US Violent White Supremacist Extremists. Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Taskforce. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/US%20White%20Supremacist%20Extremists_CVE%20Task%20Force_Final.pdf.

    Dewan, Shaila. 2011. “As Wars End, Young Veterans Return to Scant Jobs.” New York Times.

    Drew, Christopher. 2011. “Audit of Pentagon Spending Finds $70 Billion in Waste.” New York Times.

    Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. 2025. Quotes. National Archives. https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/eisenhowers/quotes.

    England, Gordon. 2012. “Military Preparedness Does Not Come Cheap.” The Washington Post, February 5. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html.

    Feinstein, Andrew. 2011. The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Fischer, Hannah. 2005. “American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics.” www.history.navy.mil/library/...20casualty.htm and http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm.

    Friends Committee on National Legislation. 2012. “Where Do Our Income Tax Dollars Go.” http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf.

    Gareau, Frederick H. 2010. State Terrorism and the United States: From Counterinsurgency to the War on Terrorism. Atlanta, GA: Clarity Press.

    Gerber, Scott. 2012. “Why We Should Help Veterans Start Their Own Businesses.” Time. http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/.

    Genzlinger, Neil. 2011. “Bellying Up to the Time When America Went Dry.” New York Times.

    Graves, Lucia. 2011. “Marijuana Legalization Receives 50 Percent Support in New Poll.” Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/2...tml?utm_source=DailyBrief&utm_campaign=1101811&utm_medium=email&utm_content=NewsEntry&utm_term=Daily%1016420Brief.

    Grimmett, Richard F. 2011. Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2003–2010. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

    Gurr, Ted R. 1989. “Political Terrorism: Historical Antecedents and Contemporary Trends.” Pp. 201–230 in Violence in America: Protest, Rebellion, Reform, Vol. 2, edited by T. R. Gurr. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

    Hacker, J. David. 2011. “Recounting the Dead.” New York Times. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead.

    Halperin, Sandra. 2004. War and Social Change in Modern Europe: The Great Transformation Revisited. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

    Harrison, Todd. 2012. Analysis of the FY2012 Defense Budget. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.

    Hartung, William D. 2012. “Military Spending: A Poor Job Creator.” Washington, DC: Center for International Policy.

    Herdy, Amy, and Miles Moffeit. 2004. “Betrayal in the Ranks.” http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html.

    Holland, Joshua. 2011a. “Are We Giant Suckers? While the US Blows Money on the Military, Europe Spends Dough on Social Programs.” AlterNet. http://www.alternet.org/world/151337...ocial_programs.

    Holland, Joshua. 2011b. “How Fearmongering Over Terrorism Is Endangering American Communities.” AlterNet. http://www.alternet.org/story/152403...k_?page=entire.

    Holland, Joshua. 2011c. “Why the American Empire Was Destined to Fail.” AlterNet. http://www.alternet.org/story/152813...il?page=entire.

    Holland, Joshua. 2012. “The Real Cost of the War on Terror.” AlterNet. http://www.alternet.org/story/153623...ht?page=entire.

    Human Rights Watch. 2011. “Unacknowledged Deaths: Civilian Casualties in NATO’s Air Campaign in Libya.” https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/05/1...campaign-libya.

    Kean, Thomas H., and Lee H. Hamilton. 2007. “Are We Safer Today?” The Washington Post.

    Kaplan, Fred. 2012. “What Happened to a Leaner, Meaner Military?” Slate. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html.

    Knight, Charles. 2011. Strategic Adjustment to Sustain the Force: A Survey of Current Proposals. Cambridge, MA: Project on Defense Alternatives.

    Korb, Lawrence J., Alex Rothman, and Max Hoffman. 2012. The Fiscal Year 2013 Defense Budget: A Report Card. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress.

    Kurzman, Charles. 2011. “Where Are All the Islamic Terrorists?” The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/article/Where-Are-All-the-Islamic/128443/?sid=cr&utm_source=cr&utm_medium=en.

    Ledbetter, James. 2011. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Military-Industrial Complex. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Library of Congress. 2025. Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements. https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/RL33865.

    Lochhead, Carolyn. 2012. “Obama’s Defense Cuts Are a Drop in the Bucket.” San Francisco Chronicle.

    Lovell, Phillip, and Julia B. Isaacs. 2010. Families of the Recession: Unemployed Parents & Their Children. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Luo, Michael. 2009. “Job Woes Exacting a Toll on Family Life.” New York Times.

    Mabee, B., & Vucetic, S. 2025. ‘Baleful influence’: a conceptual analysis of militarism. European Journal of International Relations, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661251369185

    Mandewo, Alexandra. N.d. A Brief History on the Trail of Tears. The Indigenous Foundation. https://www.theindigenousfoundation.org/articles/a-brief-history-on-the-trail-of-tears.

    Martinez, Luis. 2011. “US Veterans: By the Numbers.” ABC News, November 11. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1.

    Martinez, Luis, and Amy Bingham. 2011. “US Veterans: By the Numbers.” ABC News, November 11. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131.

    McGarrity, Michael C. 2019. Confronting the Rise of Domestic Terrorism in the Homeland. Statement to the House Homeland Security Committee. https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches-and-testimony/confronting-the-rise-of-domestic-terrorism-in-the-homeland.

    McGovern, George. 2011. What It Means to Be a Democrat. New York, NY: Penguin.

    McKeeby, Deborah. 2008. “End of US Military Segregation Set Stage for Rights Movement.” America.gov. http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html.

    McNamara, Joseph D. 2010. “Legalize Pot, Former San Jose Police Chief Says.” San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/07/25/IN1K1EGQRJ.DTL.

    Meier, Robert F., and Gilbert Geis. 2007. Criminal Justice and Moral Issues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Musto, David F. 1999. The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers.

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    National Archives. 2025. Japanese-American Incarceration During World War II. Educator Resources. https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/japanese-relocation#background.

    National Education Association's Center for Social Justice. 2020. White Supremacy Culture Resources. Toolkit. https://www.nea.org/resource-library/white-supremacy-culture-resources

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