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References for Work and Economy

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    American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. 2011. Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect. Washington, DC.

    Aud, Susan, William Hussar, Grace Kena, Kevin Bianco, Lauren Frohlich, John Kemp, and Kim Tahan. 2011. The Condition of Education 2011 (NCES 2011-033). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2011/2011033.pdf.

    Barkan, Steven E. 2012. Criminology: A Sociological Understanding. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Berger, Eric D. 2009. "Managing Age Discrimination: An Examination of the Techniques Used When Seeking Employment." The Gerontologist 49(3):317–332.

    Bertrand, Marianne, and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004. “Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.” American Economic Review 94(4): 991–1013.

    Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2017. “The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations.” Journal of Economic Literature 55(3): 789-865.

    Bowles, Paul. 2012. Capitalism. New York, NY: Longman.

    Braithwaite, Valerie. 2009. "Tax Evasion." Pp. 381–405 in The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy, edited by M. Tonry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2012. “2012 Employment and Earnings Online.” Washington, DC. http://www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2021. “Unemployment Rises in 2020 as the Country Battles the COVID-19 Pandemic.” https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2021/article/unemployment-rises-in-2020-as-the-country-battles-the-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2024. “Labor Force Characteristics by Race and Ethnicity, 2023.” https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/race-and-ethnicity/2023/

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2025a. “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate.” Employment Situation Charts. https://www.bls.gov/charts/employment-situation/civilian-labor-force-participation-rate.htm.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2025b. “Projected Percent Change in Industry Employment.” Employment Projections. https://www.bls.gov/emp/graphics/projected-percent-change-in-industry-employment.htm.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2025c. “Current Population Survey: Table A-6. Employed and Unemployed by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity.” https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea06.htm.

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2025d. “Current Population Survey: Table A-38. Employed and Unemployed, by Educational Attainment.” https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea38.htm

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2025e. “Number of Unemployed at 6.9 Million in December 2024.” https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2025/number-of-unemployed-at-6-9-million-in-december-2024.htm#:~:text=Number%20of%20unemployed%20at%206.9,U.S.%20Bureau%20of%20Labor%20Statistics

    Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). n.d. “International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing (IIF).” https://www.bls.gov/iif/home.htmCohen, G. A. 2009. Why Not Socialism? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024a. “Data & Research on Aging and Work.” https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/aging/data-research/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024b. “About NIOSH Violence and Work.” https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/violence/about/index.html

    Census Bureau. 2012. "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012." Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab.

    Census Bureau. 2025. “Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2024.” U.S. Census Bureau Newsroom. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/income-poverty-health-insurance-coverage.html

    Congressional Research Service. 2025. “The Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action at Harvard and the University of North Carolina (CRS Report).”https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB10893

    Consumer Product Safety Commission. 2010. 2010 Annual Report to the President and the Congress. April 15. Washington, DC: Author.

    Department of Education. 2011. The Condition of Education 2011. Washington, DC.

    Dreier, Hannah. 2023. “The Kids on the Night Shift.” The New York Times Magazine. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/magazine/child-labor-dangerous-jobs.html

    Drydakis, Nick, Anna Paraskevopoulou, and Vasiliki Bozani. 2023. “A Field Study of Age Discrimination in the Workplace: The Importance of Gender and Race Pay Gap.” Employee Relations 45(2): 304-327

    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). 2020. “EEOC Releases Fiscal Year 2020 Enforcement and Litigation Data.” https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/eeoc-releases-fiscal-year-2020-enforcement-and-litigation-data

    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). n.d. “Overview.” https://www.eeoc.gov/overview.

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2025a. Civilian Labor Force Level. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CLF16OV

    Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2025b. Labor Force Participation Rate. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CIVPART#

    Fortune. 2011. Fortune 500. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/full_list.

    Fox, James A. 2010. “Workplace Homicide: What Is the Risk?” http://boston.com/community/blogs/crime_punishment/2010/08/workplace_homicide_the_risks.html.

    Gallo, William T., Jennie E. Brand, Hsiang-Ming Teng, Lisa Leo-Summers, and Amy L. Byers. 2009. “Differential Impact of Involuntary Job Loss on Physical Disability Among Older Workers: Does Predisposition Matter?” Research on Aging 31(3):345–360.

    General Social Survey. 2025. GSS Data Explorer: Variable Filter. https://gssdataexplorer.norc.org/variables/vfilter

    Gould, Elise, Josh Bivens, and Jori Kandra. 2025. “CEO Pay Increased in 2024 and Is Now 281 Times That of the Typical Worker: New EPI Landing Page Has All the Details.” Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/blog/ceo-pay-increased-in-2024-and-is-now-281-times-that-of-the-typical-worker-new-epi-landing-page-has-all-the-details/

    Harris, G. L. A. 2009. “Revisiting Affirmative Action in Leveling the Playing Field: Who Have Been the True Beneficiaries Anyway?” Review of Public Personnel Administration 29(4): 354–372.

    Hillstrom, Kevin, and Laurie Collier Hillstrom, eds. 2005. The Industrial Revolution in America. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

    Hirsh, C. Elizabeth, and Youngjoo Cha. 2008. “Understanding Employment Discrimination: A Multilevel Approach.” Sociology Compass 2(6):1989–2007.

    Horowitz, Juliana Menasce, and Kim Parker. 2023. “How Americans View Their Jobs.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2023/03/30/how-americans-view-their-jobs/

    Human Rights Campaign. 2011. Laws: Employment Non-Discrimination Act. http://www.hrc.org/.

    Hymowitz, Carol. 2009, May 1. “For Executive Women, It Can Be Lonely at the Top.” Forbes. http://www.forbes.com.

    Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR). 2024. National Wage Gap Fact Sheet 2024. https://iwpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IWPR-National-Wage-Gap-Fact-Sheet-2024.pdf

    Jenner, Leslie, and Rhonda Ferguson. 2009. 2008 Catalyst Census of Women Corporate Officers and Top Earners of the FP500. New York, NY: Catalyst.

    Kangas, Olli, and Joakim Palme. 2009. “Making Social Policy Work for Economic Development: The Nordic Experience.” International Journal of Social Welfare 18(s1):S62–S72.

    Kansas Farmers’ Union. n.d. “History.” https://www.kansasfarmersunion.org/history

    Langton, Lynn, Nicole Leeper Piquero, and Richard C. Hollinger. 2006. “An Empirical Test of the Relationship Between Employee Theft and Low Self-Control.” Deviant Behavior 27:537–565.

    Legal Information Institute. 2025. “Affirmative Action.” Cornell Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/affirmative_action

    Lewis, Al. 2012, January 14–15. “Occupy Mitt Romney!” Bangor Daily News, p. C3.

    Lindahl, Lisa. 2024. “Is This the Age of Women in Leadership?” Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisalindahl/2024/02/05/is-this-the-age-of-women-in-leadership/

    Lovell, Phillip, and Julia B. Isaacs. 2010. Families of the Recession: Unemployed Parents & Their Children. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Luo, Michael. 2009, November 12. “Job Woes Exacting a Toll on Family Life.” New York Times, p. A1.

    Magnusson, Charlotta. 2009. “Gender, Occupational Prestige, and Wages: A Test of Devaluation Theory.” European Sociological Review 25(1):87–101.

    McDonald, Steve, Nan Lin, and Dan Ao. 2009. “Networks of Opportunity: Gender, Race, and Job Leads.” Social Problems 56(3):385–402.

    Morin, Richard, and Rakesh Kochhar. 2010. Lost Income, Lost Friends—and Loss of Self-Respect: The Impact of Long-Term Unemployment. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

    Muskal, Michael. 2012. “Man Shoots 4 Co-Workers, Killing 3, Authorities Say.” Los Angeles Times, January 12, A12.

    National Organization for Marriage. 2011. Same-Sex Marriage: Answering the Toughest Questions. http://www.nationformarriage.org/site/c.omL2KeN0LzH/b.4475595/k.566A/Marriage_Talking_Points.htm.

    National Park Service. 2025. “200 Years of Labor Events.” https://www.nps.gov/blrv/learn/historyculture/200-labor-events.htm

    Needleman, Sarah E. 2010. “When Violence Strikes the Workplace.” The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704164904575421560153438240.html?mod=googlenews_wsj.

    Neumark, David, Ian Burn, and Patrick Button. 2016. "Experimental Age Discrimination Evidence and the Heckman Critique." American Economic Review 106(5): 303–08.

    Pager, Devah. 2003. “The Mark of a Criminal Record.” American Journal of Sociology 108:937–975.

    Pager, Devah, Bart Bonikowski, and Bruce Western. 2009. “Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market: A Field Experiment.” American Sociological Review 74(5):777–799.

    Pew Research Center. 2010. “Lost Income, Lost Friends—and Loss of Self-Respect: The Impact of Long-Term Unemployment.”

    Pew Research Center. 2025. “Gender Pay Gap in U.S. Has Narrowed Slightly Over 2 Decades.” https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/03/04/gender-pay-gap-in-us-has-narrowed-slightly-over-2-decades/

    Pincus, Fred L. 2003. Reverse Discrimination: Dismantling the Myth. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Pizzigati, Sam. 2012. “Law and Order 24/7, Except at Tax Time.” http://toomuchonline.org/tax-gap-law-and-order.

    Purdy, Elizabeth R. 2021. “Employee Theft.” EBSCO Research Starters. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/law/employee-theft

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    Rosoff, Stephen M., Henry N. Pontell, and Robert Tillman. 2010. Profit Without Honor: White Collar Crime and the Looting of America. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

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    Sears, Brad, and Christy Mallory. 2011. Documented Evidence of Employment Discrimination & Its Effects on LGBTQ+ People. Los Angeles, CA: Williams Institute.

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    Smith, Adam. 1910. The Wealth of Nations. (Original work published 1776). London, United Kingdom: University Paperbacks. 

    Sumer, Saniye, Janet Smithson, Maria D. Guerreiro, and Lisbeth Granlund. 2008. “Becoming Working Mothers: Reconciling Work and Family at Three Particular Workplaces in Norway, the UK, and Portugal.” Community, Work & Family 11(4):365–384.

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    Wright, Richard H., Jr., Charles H. Mindel, Tran T. V., and Robert W. Habenstein, eds. 2012. Ethnic Families in America: Patterns and Variations. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

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