13.1: Introduction

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The Industrial Revolution was accompanied by many changes in economic and social structures, the main change being a transition from farm work to factory-related activities. It resulted in the creation of a class structure that differentiated the commoners from the well-off and the working category. Family systems became distorted as people moved into cities and left the farm areas, which consequently played a major role in the transmission of diseases. Also, the women's place within the society shifted from being homecare to employed workers, hence reducing the number of children per household. Furthermore, industrialization contributed to increased cases of child labor and education systems. Meanwhile, philosophers and political scientists started to develop new theories surrounding industrialization, such as laissez-faire capitalism, socialism, communism, and nationalism.