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The average newborn doubles her birthweight in:
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the first year.
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four months.
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six months.
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two months.
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The slowest-to-mature brain lobe is the:
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striate cortex.
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parietal cortex.
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frontal cortex.
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temporal cortex.
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In the process of transient exuberance, great brain growth is seen, especially in the area of the:
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dendrites.
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axons.
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nucleus.
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axon terminals.
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The sense that is the least developed at birth is:
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vision.
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taste.
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smell.
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hearing.
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The difference between gross and fine motor skills is whether they:
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are controllable.
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involve mental or physical skills.
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are due more to nature or nurture.
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involve bigger or smaller muscles.
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Unusual swelling of a toddler's face and abdomen and thin, colorless hair are symptoms of:
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rickets.
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marasmus.
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hypoglycemia.
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kwashiorkor.
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During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:
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learn to use language to express sensations.
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think logically and critically.
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huse senses and motor skills to understand the world.
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think of past and future events.
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Active experimentation is part of _______ in Piaget's substages of sensorimotor intelligence.
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stage six.
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stage three.
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stage four.
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stage five.
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Babbling:
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is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.
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precedes cooing.
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occurs only if the infant can hear.
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is universal.
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On average, children begin saying recognizable words at about:
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24 months old.
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3 months old.
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12 months old.
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6 months old.
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A match between a child's temperament and the demands of the environment is called:
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goodness of fit.
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synchrony.
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organismic specificity.
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temperamental enhancement.
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Secure attachment makes a toddler:
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cling to the mother.
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willing to explore.
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self-centered.
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try to talk.
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Angie does not notice when her mother leaves the day-care center and ignores her mother when she returns. Angie's behavior is:
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insecure-resistant attachment.
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insecure-avoidant attachment.
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secure attachment.
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disoriented attachment.
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Cooley's looking-glass self helps us understand how a child:
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establishes a body image.
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develops a self-concept.
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learns gender roles.
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learns how to imitate the behavior of others.
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The process of myelination involves:
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bone growth.
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parents' teaching their children.
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nerve insulation.
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muscle growth.
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Family capital
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is another term for stepfamily.
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can be used to help one's children in school.
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refers to financial assistance offered to families by the government.
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typically helps families obtain better healthcare.
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The best example of a fine motor skill is:
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roller-skating around the block.
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swimming across a pool.
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using scissors to cut paper.
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playing catch with a football.
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Piaget called cognitive development between the ages of two and six ______ intelligence.
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preoperational
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egocentric
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Symbiotic
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operational
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Vygotsky suggested that each individual is surrounded by a zone of:
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proximal development.
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distal development.
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potentiality.
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possibilities.
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Preschoolers do not use private speech to:
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review what they know.
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communicate with those around them.
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explain events to themselves.
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decide what to do.
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“I catched two mices in a trap” is an example of:
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literal translation.
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egocentric speech.
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the past imperfect.
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overregularization.
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According to Erikson, as children develop self-awareness and realize their own mistakes, they feel:
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shamed.
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empowered.
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anger.
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guilty.
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When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting pattern is:
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authoritarian.
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dictatorial.
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tyrannical.
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authoritative.
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Aptitude tests are designed to measure:
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capacity for divergent thinking.
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how much has been learned.
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potential for accomplishment.
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verbal abilities.
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Todd runs around the classroom, can't seem to sit still or concentrate, and is easily excited. He is most likely to be diagnosed as having:
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a sensory deficit.
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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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mental retardation.
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childhood schizophrenia.
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The most devastating problem for children with autistic spectrum disorder as they grow up is their lack of:
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social understanding.
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motor skills.
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intelligence.
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imagination.
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According to Piaget, the distinguishing characteristic of school-age children is that they are:
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imaginative.
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friendly.
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logical.
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fearless.
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When we revamp or change our old ways of thinking because of new information, Piaget calls this:
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assimilation.
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imitation.
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accommodation.
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historical context.
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The infant's first sensorimotor activities are:
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anticipation.
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first acquired adaptations.
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active experimentation.
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reflexes.
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Piaget's stage six of sensorimotor intelligence is known as:
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mental combinations.
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interesting observations.
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primary reactions.
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new adaptation and anticipation.
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Typically, stranger wariness is first noticeable at:
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9 months.
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12 months.
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3 months.
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4 months.
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Identify Erikson's second stage of development:
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attachment vs. self-awareness
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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synchrony vs. attachment
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pride vs. shame
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Which parenting style is preferred by Lemasters and DeFrain?
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the teacher-counselor parent
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the athletic coach
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the pal
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the martyr
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Preconventional morality involves:
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an emphasis on reward and punishment.
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the careful consideration of all options.
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an emphasis on laws and social order.
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trying to gain the approval of others.
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Lizzie is an extremely shy and anxious 8-year-old whom other children seem to dislike. She would be characterized as a(n):
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neglected child.
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withdrawn-rejected child.
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controversial child.
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aggressive-rejected child.
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The main concern about nutrition in middle childhood in the United States is:
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a lack of protein in the diet.
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the lack of calories taken in by children in this age group.
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the high number of children who are overweight or obese.
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the consumption of too much calcium.
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Stepfamilies reach the last stage of development:
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after all parents have remarried other partners.
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just prior to redivorce.
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after the first year.
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after about 7 years.
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At what age do children develop a theory of mind?
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2 years of age
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12 years of age
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4 years of age
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10 years of age
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You viewed a video in which Robin Williams helped children understand that his shoe was not alive. This illustrates:
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the law of conservation
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animism
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Centration
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egocentrism
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You viewed a video clip about theory of mind in which researchers found that children who develop a theory of mind early are more likely to:
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have an unusually large corpus callosum.
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feel anxiety about what other children may be thinking of them.
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have a wild imagination that can get them into trouble.
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are more popular with other children.
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An enduring emotional bond between people is known as:
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unionization.
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synchrony.
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attachment.
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love.
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A sign of secure attachment is:
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refusing to let go of the caregiver's arm.
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attempting to be close to the caregiver.
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playing aimlessly with no contact with the caregiver.
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expressing fear and anger at the caregiver.
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Expressions of insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment include:
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playing happily.
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ignoring the caregiver.
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exploring a new toy.
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clinging to the caregiver.
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Which of the following IS NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
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existential intelligence
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bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
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culinary intelligence
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linguistic intelligence
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Identify the statement that best illustrates the cognitive concept called “identity.”
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“Even though they are an omelet now, they are still two eggs.”
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“If you'll let me have one of your cookies, I'll let you use my new crayons.”
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“If you give back my doll, we can be friends again.”
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“Mommy can make my scraped knee well again.”
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The term “holophrase” is used to denote:
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the use of two words to take the place of one.
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the infant's use of one word to express a whole thought.
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a word that is empty of meaning.
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the relationship of object permanence to language development.
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The theorist who believed that children learn language when they are reinforced by parental attention was:
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B. F. Skinner.
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Leo Vygotsky.
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Jean Piaget.
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Noam Chomsky.
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At 6 weeks of age, the infant is capable of:
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anger.
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laughter and curiosity.
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a social smile.
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stranger wariness.
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When a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:
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solitary fear.
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fear of isolation.
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separation anxiety.
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general anxiety.
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The first “crisis of life,” according to Erikson, is:
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trust vs. mistrust.
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industry vs. inferiority.
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the oral stage.
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt.