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4.5: Play Based Learning

  • Page ID
    235236
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    Learning Objectives
    1. Explain how play-based learning supports children's development.
    2. Differentiate between types of play (open-ended, guided, and structured).
    3. Describe the role of the different types play in promoting development.

    Play-based learning is a fundamental component of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP), providing children with meaningful, engaging experiences that support their development as a whole. Through play, children explore the world, build problem-solving skills, develop creativity, and form social connections. High-quality early childhood programs and caregivers recognize that play is not separate from learning—it is the vehicle through which young children learn best (Ginsburg, 2007; Pica, 2011).

    Research consistently shows that play supports brain development by creating neural connections that enhance cognitive skills. When children engage in hands-on, active play, they practice decision-making, reasoning, and perseverance, all of which are essential for academic and lifelong success. Unlike passive learning methods that focus on rote memorization, play-based learning encourages children to think critically and make discoveries on their own.

    Social and emotional growth also flourish in play-based environments. Children learn to communicate and navigate relationships as they engage in dramatic play, group games, and collaborative projects. Play provides opportunities for children to practice skills in a natural and supportive setting. For example, when children take on roles in pretend play, they explore different perspectives and develop a deeper understanding of social interactions. This type of learning is essential for building emotional intelligence and preparing children for future social experiences.

    Physical development is another area where play-based learning is essential. Active play strengthens both gross and fine motor skills. These movements are foundational for later academic tasks such as writing, cutting, and using technology. Additionally, active play promotes overall health and well-being by encouraging movement and coordination (Pica, 2011).

    Young girl working clay

    Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Play-based learning. Image by Province of British Columbia is licensed CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

    Play-based learning takes many forms and should be intentionally planned to support children’s development. Open-ended play, where children have the freedom to explore and create, fosters imagination and problem-solving. Guided play, in which caregivers and educators introduce materials or ask thought-provoking questions, helps extend children’s thinking while still allowing them autonomy. Structured play, such as games with rules, helps children develop patience, turn-taking, and strategic thinking. A balanced approach that incorporates all types of play ensures a rich and engaging learning environment (Ginsburg, 2007).

    Despite its proven benefits, play-based learning is sometimes undervalued in favor of more formal academic instruction, particularly in early childhood settings. However, research confirms that young children learn foundational academic skills more effectively through play than through direct instruction alone. For instance, children develop early math concepts by sorting objects, recognizing patterns, and measuring materials during play. Similarly, language skills grow as children engage in storytelling, role-playing, and discussions with peers and caregivers (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2009).

    References, Contributors and Attributions

    Ginsburg, K. R. (2007). The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds. Pediatrics, 119(1), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2697

    Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Berk, L., & Singer, D. G. (2009). A mandate for playful learning in preschool: Presenting the evidence. In American Journal of Play (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 181-194). The Strong.

    Pica, R. (2011). Moving and learning across the curriculum: More than 300 activities and games to make learning fun. Pearson.


    This page titled 4.5: Play Based Learning is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Heather Carter.

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