5.3: Psychosocial Stages
- Page ID
- 245012
This page is a draft and is under active development.
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Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was interested in how a lifespan model of development shaped our sense of self (Weiland, 1993). Erikson viewed relationships as vital to the process of development.
Erikson proposed 8 stages of conflict that individuals have to encounter in order to develop healthy personality growth (Weiland, 1993). What was unique about his theory was that in developing through conflict, individuals also developed a "virtue" associated with it. While only the first 2 stages are directly linked to infant and toddler development, the stages are important to understand for children's future learning.
| Stage/Conflict | Age | Virtue Learned | Markers of the stage |
| Trust vs. mistrust | Birth to 1 year | Hope | Children learn to trust their needs will be met (Weiland, 1993). |
| Autonomy vs. shame and doubt | 1-3 years | Will | Children develop independence (Weiland, 1993). |
| Initiative vs. guilt | 3-6 years | Purpose | Children begin to take initiative, but also develop guilt (Weiland, 1993). |
| Industry vs. inferiority | 7-11 years | Competence | Children develop confidence when they are good at a task, but will doubt themselves if they are not good at a task (Weiland, 1993). |
| Identity vs. confusion | 12-18 years | Fidelity | Children develop their identity and role in society (Weiland, 1993). |
| Intimacy vs. isolation | 19-29 years | Love | Adults establish relationships with others (Weiland, 1993). |
| Generativity vs. stagnation | 30-64 years | Care | Adults are contributing to society and family (Weiland, 1993). |
| Integrity vs. despair | 65 years and older | Wisdom | Adults reflect on thier lives (Weiland, 1993). |
References
Weiland, S. (1993). Erik Erikson: Ages, stages, and stories. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 17(2), 17-22.