6.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 332750
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  |
The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| conflict theory | a theory that examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance | ||||
| control theory | a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society | ||||
| corporate crime | crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment | ||||
| corrections system | the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses | ||||
| court | a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law | ||||
| crime | a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions | ||||
| criminal justice system | an organization that exists to enforce a legal code | ||||
| cultural deviance theory | a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime | ||||
| deviance | a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms | ||||
| differential association theory | a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance | ||||
| formal sanctions | sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced | ||||
| hate crimes | attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics | ||||
| informal sanctions | sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions | ||||
| labeling theory | the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society | ||||
| legal codes | codes that maintain formal social control through laws | ||||
| master status | a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual | ||||
| negative sanctions | punishments for violating norms | ||||
| nonviolent crimes | crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force | ||||
| police | a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level | ||||
| positive sanctions | rewards given for conforming to norms | ||||
| power elite | a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources | ||||
| primary deviance | a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others | ||||
| sanctions | the means of enforcing rules | ||||
| secondary deviance | deviance that occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society | ||||
| self-report study | a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews | ||||
| social control | the regulation and enforcement of norms | ||||
| social disorganization theory | a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control | ||||
| social order | an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives | ||||
| strain theory | a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals | ||||
| street crime | crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces | ||||
| victimless crime | activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them | ||||
| violent crimes | crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force |