4.14: Chapter 4- Review
- Page ID
- 233844
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Chapter 4: Review
In this chapter we looked at:
Physical changes during the first three years
- body proportions - head to body ratio
- brain development
- hormonal
Common infant reflexes
- sucking and rooting
- tonic neck
- palmar grasp and plantar grasp
- stepping
- Moro reflex
Gross motor skills development
- holds head up, holds head unsupported
- roll from tummy to back
- sits without support
- rocks back and forth
- crawls
- stands, walk, runs
Fine motor skills development
- brings hands to mouth
- hold a small object
- follows movement with eyes
- brings objects to mouth
- picks up object with thumb and forefinger
- reaches with one hand
- bangs two objects together
- puts objects in a container and takes them out
- builds a tower of blocks
Sensory Capacities
- vision
- newborn - difficulty distinguishing between colors
- 6 months - can perceive depth perception in both the environment and in pictures
- hearing
- fetus can hear by 7 month in utero
- newborns have keen sense of earing
- babies prefer the sound of their mother's voice
- sensitives to different frequencies in human speech
- taste and smell
- respond to taste and smell with facial expressions
- can distinguish between bitter, sour,, and sweet flavors
Breastfeeding
- supports babies' health, development and unity
- maternal benefits
- challenges
- alternatives
Solid Foods
- readiness factors
- important nutrients
- introducing solid foods
- milk anemia
Infant Health
- common physical conditions and issues
- bowel movements and urination
- teething
- spitting up/vomiting
- diaper rash
- jaundice
- purple crying
- shaken baby syndrome
- risk and prevention
- head trauma
- abusive trauma
Toilet Learning
- readiness factors
- the process - making a plan
Immunization
- how vaccines work
- vaccine safety
- myths vs. facts
- immunization schedules for childhood vaccines
Safety for Infants and Toddlers
- choking hazards
- car seats
- boppies
Sleep
- newborns sleep 16.5 / 24 hours in short spurts
- sleep / wake periods
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Tummy Time
- helps babies develop the muscles necessary to lift their heads and, eventually, to sit up, crawl and walk
- encouraging tummy time - different methods