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10.7: Justices Serving on the Court 1970 - 1989

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    The following figures and tables include the names of the Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn scores for the indicated year. Each table also includes the name of the appointing President, the President’s party affiliation and the years each Justice served on the Court. The first Justice listed is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

    1970

    Bar Graph 1970

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1970

    Justices serving on the Court, 1970
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.133 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 1.462 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Black 0.089 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1937-1971
    Harlan 0.689 Eisenhower Republican 1954-1971
    Stewart 0.459 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -0.948 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.983 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Brennan -0.936 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.605 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1970
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.378 -0.52

    1971

    Bar Graph 1971

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1971

    Justices serving on the Court, 1971
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.637 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 1.629 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Powell 1.398 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.092 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -1.082 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.408 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 3.578 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -1.183 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.752 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1971
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.637 -0.03

    Cohen v. California 403 U.S. 15 (1971)

    Lemon v. Kurtzman 403 U.S. 602 (1971)

    New York Times v. United States 403 U.S. 713 (1971)

    Reed v. Reed 404 U.S. 71 (1971)

    Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ. 402 U.S. 1 (1971)

    1972

    Bar Graph 1972

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1972

    Justices serving on the Court, 1972
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.968 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 1.441 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Powell 1.175 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.135 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -1.37 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.201 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 3.996 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -1.413 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.782 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1972
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.944 -0.07

    Branzburg v. Hayes 480 U.S. 665 (1972)

    Eisenstadt v. Baird 405 U.S. 438 (1972)

    Healy v. James 408 U.S. 169 (1972)

    Moose Lodge v. Irvis 407 U.S. 163 (1972)

    Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 (1972)

    Wisconsin v. Yoder 406 U.S. 205 (1972)

    1973

    Bar Graph 1973

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1973

    Justices serving on the Court, 1973
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.563 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 1.301 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Powell 1.16 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.489 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -1.475 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.212 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.266 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -1.733 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.821 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1973
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.61 -0.12

    Hess v. Indiana 414 U.S. 105 (1973)

    Frontiero v. Richardson 411 U. S. 677 (1973)

    Miller v. California 413 U.S. 15 (1973)

    Papish v. Board of Curators 410 U.S. 667 (1973)

    San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez 411 U.S. 1 (1973)

    Wilfred Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado 413 U.S. 189 (1973)

    1974

    Bar Graph 1974

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1974

    Justices serving on the Court, 1974
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.606 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 1.032 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Powell 1.099 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.354 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -1.495 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.121 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.357 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -1.929 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.89 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1974
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.614 -0.19

    Gertz v. Robert-Welch Inc. 418 U.S. 323 (1974)

    Kahn v. Shavin 416 U.S. 351 (1974)

    Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo 418 U.S. 241 (1974)

    Milliken v. Bradley 418 U.S. 717 (1974)

    Richardson v. Ramirez 418 U.S. 24 (1974)

    Spence v. Washington 418 U.S. 405 (1974)

    1975

    Bar Graph 1975

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1975

    Justices serving on the Court, 1975
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.492 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 0.848 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens 0.083 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.926 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.488 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -2.049 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.981 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.473 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.428 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Douglas -7.893 F.D. Roosevelt Democrat 1939-1975
    Chief Justice, 1975
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.489 -0.36

    Stanton v. Stanton 421 U.S. 7 (1975)

    Weinberger v. Wisenfeld 420 U.S. 636 (1975)

    1976

    Bar Graph 1976

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1976

    Justices serving on the Court, 1976
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.345 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 0.676 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.176 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.677 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.472 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -2.382 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.925 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.444 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.659 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1976
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.474 0.37

    Buckley v. Valeo 424 U.S. 1 (1976)

    Craig v. Boren 429 U.S. 190 (1976)

    Hills v. Gautreaux 425 U.S. 284 (1976)

    Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia 427 U.S. 307 (1976)

    Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart 427 U.S. 539 (1976)

    Pasadena City Bd. of Educ. v. Spangler 427 U.S. 424 (1976)

    Washington v. Davis 426 U.S. 229 (1976)

    1977

    Bar Graph 1977

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1977

    Justices serving on the Court, 1977
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.008 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 0.322 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.081 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.46 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.314 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -2.708 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.533 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.458 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.665 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1977
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.234 0.18

    Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Dev. Corp. 429 U.S. 252 (1977)

    Bellotti v. Baird (Bellotti II) 443 U.S. 622 (1977)

    Carey v. Population Services International 431 U.S. 678 (1977)

    Neal R. Wooley etc., et al. v. George Maynard et ux. 430 U.S. 705 (1977)

    Vorchheimer v. School Dist. of Philadelphia 430 U.S. 703 (1977)

    1978

    Bar Graph 1978

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1978

    Justices serving on the Court, 1978
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White -0.051 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 0.144 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.302 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.833 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.511 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -3.064 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.41 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.486 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.574 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1978
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.156 0.15

    FCC v. Pacifica Foundation 438 U.S. 726 (1978)

    First Nat’l Bank of Boston v. Bellotti 435 U.S. 765 (1978)

    Houchins v. KQED 438 U.S. 1 (1978)

    Regents of the Univ. of Calif. v. Bakke 438 U.S. 265 (1978)

    Zurcher v. Stanford Daily 436 U.S. 547 (1978)

    1979

    Bar Graph 1979

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1979

    Justices serving on the Court, 1979
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.246 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.047 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.243 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.823 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.48 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -3.337 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.247 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.517 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.485 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1979
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.239 0.13

    Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney 442 U.S. 256 (1979)

    Orr v. Orr 440 U.S. 268 (1979)

    Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co 443 U.S. 97 (1979)

    1980

    Bar Graph 1980

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1980

    Justices serving on the Court, 1980
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.218 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.077 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.224 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.872 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    Stewart 0.73 Eisenhower Republican 1958-1981
    Marshall -3.485 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.512 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.374 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.347 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1980
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.224 0.17

    Fullilove v. Klutznick 448 U.S. 448 (1980)

    Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia 448 U.S. 555 (1980)

    Stone v. Graham 449 U.S. 39 (1980)

    1981

    Bar Graph 1981

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1981

    Justices serving on the Court, 1981
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.263 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.243 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.22 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 1.034 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.657 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -3.621 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.693 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.232 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.34 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1981
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.263 0.27

    Citizens Against Rent Control v. Berkeley 454 U.S. 290 (1981)

    Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma Cnty 450 U.S. 464 (1981)

    Roskter v. Goldberg 453 U.S. 57 (1981)

    1982

    Bar Graph 1982

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1982

    Justices serving on the Court, 1982
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.668 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.3 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.531 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 1.255 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.805 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -3.796 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.579 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.16 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.12 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1982
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.667 0.30

    Island Trees School District v. Pico 457 U.S. 853 (1982)

    Miss. Univ. for Women v. Hogan 458 U.S. 718 (1982)

    New York v. Ferber 458 U.S. 747 (1982)

    1983

    Bar Graph 1983

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1983

    Justices serving on the Court, 1983
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 0.897 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun 0.029 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.508 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 1.127 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.765 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -3.888 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 1.807 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 4.061 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.442 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1983
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.875 0.32

    Marsh v. Chambers 463 U.S. 783 (1983)

    1984

    Bar Graph 1984

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1984

    Justices serving on the Court, 1984
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 1.082 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.075 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.463 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.851 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.577 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -3.963 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.112 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 3.835 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.583 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1984
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.824 0.26

    City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent (1984)

    Palmore v. Sidoti 466 U.S. 429 (1984)

    Seattle Times v. Rhinehart 476 U.S. 20 (1984)

    William P. Clarke, Secretary of the Interior, et al. v. Community for Creative Non-Violence et al. 468 U.S. 288 (1984)

    1985

    Bar Graph 1985

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1985

    Justices serving on the Court, 1985
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    White 1.299 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.691 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.457 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.94 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.371 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -4.083 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Burger 2.225 Nixon Republican 1969-1986
    Rehnquist 3.627 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.549 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1985
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Burger 0.93 0.19

    City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center 473 U.S. 432 (1985)

    Hunter v. Underwood 471 U.S. 222 (1985)

    Plyler v. Doe 457 U.S. 202 (1985)

    Wallace v. Jaffree 472 U.S. 38 (1985)

    1986

    Bar Graph 1986

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1986

    Justices serving on the Court, 1986
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    Scalia 1.392 Reagan Republican 1986-2016
    White 1.271 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.828 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.594 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    Powell 0.883 Nixon Republican 1971-1987
    O’Connor 1.451 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -4.278 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Rehnquist 3.354 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.802 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1986
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Rehnquist 0.875 -0.02

    Akron v. Akron Health Center 462 U.S. 416 (1986)

    Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser 478 U.S. 675 (1986)

    Bowers v. Hardwick 478 U.S. 186 (1986)

    Planned Parenthood v. Danforth 428 U.S. 52 (1986)

    Thornburgh v. Gingles 478 U.S. 30 (1986)

    Wygant v. Jackson Board of Ed. 476 U.S. 267 (1986)

    1987

    Bar Graph 1987

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1987

    Justices serving on the Court, 1987
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    Kennedy 1.223 Reagan Republican 1987-2018
    Scalia 1.641 Reagan Republican 1986-2016
    White 1.029 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.888 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.485 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    O’Connor 1.615 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -4.425 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Rehnquist 2.9 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -2.92 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1987
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Rehnquist 0.974 -0.03

    Edwards v. Aguillard 482 U.S. 578 (1987)

    Goldman v. Weinberger 475 U.S. 503 (1987)

    1988

    Bar Graph 1988

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1988

    Justices serving on the Court, 1988
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    Kennedy 1.485 Reagan Republican 1987-2018
    Scalia 1.812 Reagan Republican 1986-2016
    White 1.112 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.924 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.583 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    O’Connor 1.539 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -4.483 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Rehnquist 2.775 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -3.077 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1988
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Rehnquist 1.094 -0.04

    Clark v. Jeter 486 U.S. 456 (1988)

    Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier 484 U.S. 260 (1988)

    1989

    Bar Graph 1989

    Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1989

    Justices serving on the Court, 1989
    Justice Mean President Party of President Years Served
    Kennedy 1.354 Reagan Republican 1987-2018
    Scalia 1.991 Reagan Republican 1986-2016
    White 0.883 Kennedy Democrat 1961-1993
    Blackmun -0.857 Nixon Republican 1969-1994
    Stevens -0.997 Ford Republican 1975-2010
    O’Connor 1.537 Reagan Republican 1981-2006
    Marshall -4.465 Johnson Democrat 1967-1991
    Rehnquist 2.624 Nixon Republican 1971-2005
    Brennan -3.176 Eisenhower Republican 1956-1990
    Chief Justice, 1989
    Chief Justice Median Court Score
    Rehnquist 0.88 -0.12

    Alleghany County v. Pittsburgh ACLU 492 U.S. 573 (1989)

    City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co 488 U.S. 469 (1989)

    Texas v. Johnson 491 U.S. 397 (1989)


    10.7: Justices Serving on the Court 1970 - 1989 is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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