2. In-Text Citations and References

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In-Text Citations

APA style utilizes author-date citations where both direct quotations and paraphrases are cited. For every citation used in the reference sheet, it must be cited in the text. You should only cite works that you have read and ideas you have incorporated in your writing. You should always cite primary sources when able to, use secondary sources sparingly. You should also use citations to cite all facts, figures, and other information you include that is not common knowledge. This includes citing information that cannot be retrieved (like "personal communication" citations).

For in-text citations, please reference the following table from the American Psychological Association:

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It is important to note that in APA style, citations should be paraphrased as much as possible, using actual quotations sparingly. Quotations should only be used instead of paraphrasing when: reproducing an exact definition, when the author has said something memorably or succinctly, or when you want to respond to the exact wording. For examples of how to format quotations, please visit https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/quotations

References

The references section should be an alphabetized list of every source cited within the paper. A reference should identify the following elements: author, date, title, and source. Below is an example from the American Psychological Association on where to find this information and how to properly cite it in APA style.

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For more detailed instructions on how to enter references properly in the reference list, please visit https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/elements-list-entry