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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/10%3A_Indigenous_Languages
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/07%3A_Forming_Sentences/7.01%3A_Practice_TimeThe following sentences are taken from Swiss Sonata by Gwethalyn Graham, which is in the Public Domain in Canada. For each of the following sentences, identify the subcategory of each verb and identif...The following sentences are taken from Swiss Sonata by Gwethalyn Graham, which is in the Public Domain in Canada. For each of the following sentences, identify the subcategory of each verb and identify the grammatical role of each NP. Draw tree diagrams consistent with x-bar principles to illustrate the structure of each of the sentences in Exercise 2. Draw tree diagrams consistent with x-bar principles to illustrate the Deep and Surface Structures of the following questions:
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/03%3A_Speech_Sounds_in_the_Mind/3.10%3A_Transcribing_Casual_SpeechIn the second pair, the second syllable of repeat is stressed and the vowel is [i], but when the second syllable is unstressed, as in repetition, the vowel is [ə]. Second, the simplifications that occ...In the second pair, the second syllable of repeat is stressed and the vowel is [i], but when the second syllable is unstressed, as in repetition, the vowel is [ə]. Second, the simplifications that occur involve assimilation; the reduction of vowels, often to [ə]; the merging of sequences of the same consonant; the deletion of [ə] and of some initial or final consonants.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/08%3A_Sentence_Structure_and_Meaning/8.08%3A_English_Verb_FormsFor many English verbs, the [+past] form (She bought a donut) and the past participle form (She has bought a donut) are the same. If you’re looking at a verb and can’t tell if it’s in the [+past] form...For many English verbs, the [+past] form (She bought a donut) and the past participle form (She has bought a donut) are the same. If you’re looking at a verb and can’t tell if it’s in the [+past] form or the past participle form, try replacing it with the verb eat: The form ate is [+past], while eaten is past participle, so we can conclude that, in that sentence, bought is [+past] while walked is the past participle)
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/01%3A_Thinking_Like_a_Linguist/1.06%3A_SummaryAnd the mental grammar of every language includes systematic principles for how sounds (or hand signs, in a signed language) are made, for how these sounds or signs are organized into words, for how w...And the mental grammar of every language includes systematic principles for how sounds (or hand signs, in a signed language) are made, for how these sounds or signs are organized into words, for how words and smaller pieces of words are combined to form phrases and sentences, and for how we assign meaning to words and sentences. When we speak our language, we use our mental grammar to generate new phrases and sentences, and the people who listen to us use their mental grammar to understand us.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/11%3A_Back_Matter_Tests/11.07%3A_Speaking_Mohawk_and_ReconciliationPeople don’t realize that learning language is a lifelong… I, every now and then I’ll run across vocabulary — oh yeah, wow this word — and then just … learning new vocabulary, words I hadn’t heard bef...People don’t realize that learning language is a lifelong… I, every now and then I’ll run across vocabulary — oh yeah, wow this word — and then just … learning new vocabulary, words I hadn’t heard before or words that I’d heard but I didn’t have time to figure out the context and so, always in a state of language learning you know even after you’re a speaker.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/08%3A_Sentence_Structure_and_Meaning/8.12%3A_SummaryThe crucial idea in this chapter is the idea of compositionality: the syntactic structures that our mind uses to combine words play a vital role in the meaning of sentences. And while most languages h...The crucial idea in this chapter is the idea of compositionality: the syntactic structures that our mind uses to combine words play a vital role in the meaning of sentences. And while most languages have a typical mapping between the grammatical role of subject and the thematic role of agent, this is not the only possible mapping, and languages all have ways of overriding that mapping.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/03%3A_Speech_Sounds_in_the_Mind
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/02%3A_Producing_Speech_Sounds/2.14%3A_Various_Accents_of_EnglishEach of these non-standard accents can be described in its “broad” form, the form that is most different from the standard in the country where it is spoken, but what many people are speaking much of ...Each of these non-standard accents can be described in its “broad” form, the form that is most different from the standard in the country where it is spoken, but what many people are speaking much of the time is something in between a particular non-standard accent and the relevant standard.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/01%3A_Thinking_Like_a_Linguist/1.02%3A_Mental_GrammarLinguistics focus specifically on the mental grammar: the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other. Which part of your mental grammar lead...Linguistics focus specifically on the mental grammar: the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other. Which part of your mental grammar leads to the possibility that the police could have done the stealing or the reporting in this headline? What part of the mental grammar of Hawaiian is responsible for how the English phrase gets pronounced?
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Essentials_of_Linguistics_1e_(Anderson)/01%3A_Thinking_Like_a_Linguist/1.01%3A_Linguistics_is_ScienceThe field consists of a set of true facts that can be proven objectively. The use of quotative like in sentences such as, “She was like, I can’t believe you did that!” began to enter Canadian English ...The field consists of a set of true facts that can be proven objectively. The use of quotative like in sentences such as, “She was like, I can’t believe you did that!” began to enter Canadian English with the generation of speakers born in 1971. In a phrase like, “the people who the bride invited to the wedding,” it’s proper to use whom rather than who. Which of the following kinds of data would a linguist be likely to observe?
