Search
- Filter Results
- Location
- Classification
- Include attachments
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/08%3A_Seeing_and_Visualizing/8.01%3A_Chapter_OverviewPrior to his arrival at Rutgers he was Professor of Psychology, Professor of Computer Science, Director of the University of Western Ontario Center for Cognitive Science, and an honorary professor in ...Prior to his arrival at Rutgers he was Professor of Psychology, Professor of Computer Science, Director of the University of Western Ontario Center for Cognitive Science, and an honorary professor in the departments of Philosophy and Electrical Engineering at Western. The purpose of the current chapter is to provide a brief introduction to Pylyshyn’s theory of visual cognition, in part because this theory provides a wonderful example of the interdisciplinary scope of modern cognitive science.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/08%3A_Seeing_and_Visualizing/8.02%3A_The_Transparency_of_Visual_Processing124) presumed that “all perceptual experience is necessarily the end product of a categorization process.” Ecological perception (Gibson, 1979), a theory that stands in strong opposition in almost eve...124) presumed that “all perceptual experience is necessarily the end product of a categorization process.” Ecological perception (Gibson, 1979), a theory that stands in strong opposition in almost every respect to the New Look, also agrees that perceptual processes are transparent. “What one becomes aware of by holding still, closing one eye, and observing a frozen scene are not visual sensations but only the surfaces of the world that are viewed now from here” (p.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/07%3A_Marks_of_the_Classical/7.02%3A_Symbols_and_SituationsThe trajectory from Winograd’s (1972a) early classical research to his pioneering articulation of the embodied approach (Winograd & Flores, 1987b) and the route from Winograd and Flores’ book to Vera ...The trajectory from Winograd’s (1972a) early classical research to his pioneering articulation of the embodied approach (Winograd & Flores, 1987b) and the route from Winograd and Flores’ book to Vera and Simon’s (1993) classical account of situated action to the various responses that this account provoked raise a number of issues.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/07%3A_Marks_of_the_Classical/7.05%3A_Serial_versus_Parallel_ProcessingIn all existing devices where the element is not a vacuum tube the reaction time of the element is sufficiently long to make a certain telescoping of the steps involved in addition, subtraction, and s...In all existing devices where the element is not a vacuum tube the reaction time of the element is sufficiently long to make a certain telescoping of the steps involved in addition, subtraction, and still more in multiplication and division, desirable. (von Neumann, 1993, p. An alternative approach to making the case that the serial processing is not a mark of the classical is to note that serial processing also appears in non-classical architectures.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/04%3A_Elements_of_Connectionist_Cognitive_Science/4.02%3A_Nurture_versus_NatureA variety of learning rules, including the delta rule (Rosenblatt, 1958, 1962; Stone, 1986; Widrow, 1962; Widrow & Hoff, 1960) and the generalized delta rule (Rumelhart, Hinton, & Williams, 1986b), ar...A variety of learning rules, including the delta rule (Rosenblatt, 1958, 1962; Stone, 1986; Widrow, 1962; Widrow & Hoff, 1960) and the generalized delta rule (Rumelhart, Hinton, & Williams, 1986b), are supervised learning rules that work by correcting network errors. (The generalized delta rule is perhaps the most popular learning rule in modern connectionism, and is discussed in more detail in Section 4.9.) This kind of learning involves the repeated presentation of a number of inputoutput pat…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/01%3A_The_Cognitive_Sciences-_One_or_Many/1.03%3A_A_Unified_Cognitive_ScienceA key inspiration to cognitive science was the digital computer; we see in Chapter 2 that the invention of the computer was the result of the unification of ideas from the diverse fields of philosophy...A key inspiration to cognitive science was the digital computer; we see in Chapter 2 that the invention of the computer was the result of the unification of ideas from the diverse fields of philosophy, mathematics, and electrical engineering.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/08%3A_Seeing_and_Visualizing/8.03%3A_The_Poverty_of_StimulusIn order for this to occur, the fragments have to be inserted in the correct place, presumably by identifying components of the fragment (in terms of visible properties) in such a way that it can be a...In order for this to occur, the fragments have to be inserted in the correct place, presumably by identifying components of the fragment (in terms of visible properties) in such a way that it can be asserted that “object x in one location in a glimpse collected at time t + 1 is the same thing as object y in a different location in a glimpse collected at an earlier time t.” This involves computing correspondence, or tracking the identities of objects over time or space, a problem central to the …
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/03%3A_Elements_of_Classical_Cognitive_Science/3.03%3A__Mechanizing_the_InfiniteThis account of solving a more complex version of the Tower of Hanoi problem points to the recursive nature of divide and conquer: we solve the bigger problem by 0 1 2 3 4 A (Start) B (Spare) C (Goal)...This account of solving a more complex version of the Tower of Hanoi problem points to the recursive nature of divide and conquer: we solve the bigger problem by 0 1 2 3 4 A (Start) B (Spare) C (Goal) first solving a smaller version of the same kind of problem. To move a stack of n discs to location C, we first move the smaller stack of n – 1 discs to location B. “Moving the stack” is the same kind of procedure for the n discs and for the n – 1 discs.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/06%3A_Classical_Music_and_Cognitive_Science
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/04%3A_Elements_of_Connectionist_Cognitive_Science/4.08%3A_What_Do_Output_Unit_Activities_Represent%3FFor instance, on a trial in which C is presented and the perceptron is reinforced, the perceptron’s error for that trial is the squared difference between the reward, 1, and o c . As there are a of th...For instance, on a trial in which C is presented and the perceptron is reinforced, the perceptron’s error for that trial is the squared difference between the reward, 1, and o c . As there are a of these trials, the total contribution of this type of trial to overall error is a(1 – o c ) 2 . Applying this logic to the other three pairings of cue and outcome, total error E can be defined as follows:
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Mind_Body_World_-_Foundations_of_Cognitive_Science_(Dawson)/08%3A_Seeing_and_Visualizing/8.07%3A_Indexing_Objects_in_the_WorldIn general, subitizing does not occur when the elements of a set that are being counted are defined by properties that require serial, attentive processing in order to be detected (e.g., sets of conce...In general, subitizing does not occur when the elements of a set that are being counted are defined by properties that require serial, attentive processing in order to be detected (e.g., sets of concentric contours that have to be traced in order to be individuated; or sets of elements defined by being on the same contour, which also require tracing to be identified).
