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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/ANTH_374%3A_Birth_to_Death_-The_Anthropology_of_Primate_Culture_and_Behavior_(Fortunato)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Anthropology_Bioanth_Evolution_and_Primates/1.01%3A_Introduction_to_Biological_Anthropology/1.1.02%3A_The_SubdisciplinesIn the early twentieth century in the United States, people wondered if the emotional turbulence of American adolescence was caused by the biology of puberty (and thus natural and universal) or someth...In the early twentieth century in the United States, people wondered if the emotional turbulence of American adolescence was caused by the biology of puberty (and thus natural and universal) or something else. To answer this question, he lived with Puerto Rican crack dealers in East Harlem, contextualizing their experiences both historically (in terms of socioeconomic dynamics in Puerto Rico and in the United States) and presently (in terms of social marginalization and institutional racism).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Social_Justice_Studies/Race_and_Ethnic_Relations_in_the_U.S.%3A_An_Intersectional_Approach/01%3A_Introduction_to_Race_and_Ethnic_Relations/1.03%3A_Ethnicity_and_ReligionWhile sociologists sometimes use the umbrella phrase "race-ethnic groups," making a distinction between race and ethnicity is important for sociologists. Ethnicity refers to common cultural practices...While sociologists sometimes use the umbrella phrase "race-ethnic groups," making a distinction between race and ethnicity is important for sociologists. Ethnicity refers to common cultural practices tied to a particular nationality of origin, such as language, religion, foodways, history, traditions, and values. Religious denomination varies across race-ethnic groups.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Leeward_Community_College/PSY_100_Biddle/Book%3A_Introductory_Psychology_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Social_Psychology/10.8%3A_CultureAlthough the most visible elements of culture are dress, cuisine and architecture, culture is a highly psychological phenomenon. Culture is a pattern of meaning for understanding how the world works. ...Although the most visible elements of culture are dress, cuisine and architecture, culture is a highly psychological phenomenon. Culture is a pattern of meaning for understanding how the world works. This knowledge is shared among a group of people and passed from one generation to the next. This module defines culture, addresses methodological issues, and introduces the idea that culture is a process. Understanding cultural processes can help people get along better with others.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Psychology_as_a_Biological_Science_(Noba)/10%3A_Psychological_Disorders/10.01%3A_History_of_Mental_IllnessThis module is divided into three parts. The first is a brief introduction to various criteria we use to define or distinguish between normality and abnormality. The second, largest part is a history ...This module is divided into three parts. The first is a brief introduction to various criteria we use to define or distinguish between normality and abnormality. The second, largest part is a history of mental illness from the Stone Age to the 20th century, with a special emphasis on the recurrence of three causal explanations for mental illness; supernatural, somatogenic, and psychogenic factors. The third part concludes with a brief description of the issue of diagnosis.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Southwestern_College/SOC_106%3A_Race_and_Ethnicity_(Brenner)/Chapter_1%3A_Defining_Race_and_Ethnicity/1.4_Defining_EthnicityEthnic enclaves tend to share these characteristics: 1) live in close proximity; 2) support the traditional values customs and ways of life of that ethnic group; 3) maintain social services such as em...Ethnic enclaves tend to share these characteristics: 1) live in close proximity; 2) support the traditional values customs and ways of life of that ethnic group; 3) maintain social services such as employment networks, political clubs, civic organizations and houses of worship; 4) establish retail stores where traditional foods clothing household goods and utensils are sold; 5) develop and sustain native language newspapers and sometimes radio and TV stations; 6) provide employment and social a…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/HACC_Central_Pennsylvania's_Community_College/ANTH_205%3A_Cultures_of_the_World_-_Perspectives_on_Culture_(Scheib)/02%3A_What_is_Culture/2.04%3A_Ethnocentrism_and_Cultural_RelativismFor anthropologists in the field, cultural relativism is especially important. We must set aside our innate ethnocentrisms and let cultural relativism guide our inquiries and interactions with others ...For anthropologists in the field, cultural relativism is especially important. We must set aside our innate ethnocentrisms and let cultural relativism guide our inquiries and interactions with others so that our observations are not biased. However, anthropology is unique among academic disciplines because of the diversity of approaches used to conduct research and for the broad range of orientations that fall under its umbrella.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/HACC_Central_Pennsylvania's_Community_College/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_(Scheib)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Biological_Anthropology/1.02%3A_The_SubdisciplinesSince human experiences are varied and complex, we need a diversified tool kit to study them. Anthropology comprises four subdisciplines: Some are more scientific (like biological anthropology), while...Since human experiences are varied and complex, we need a diversified tool kit to study them. Anthropology comprises four subdisciplines: Some are more scientific (like biological anthropology), while others are more humanistic (like cultural anthropology). Findings from all four subdisciplines contribute to a multifaceted appreciation of human bio-cultural experiences, past and present.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Collin_College/Introduction_to_Sociology/03%3A_Culture/3.01%3A_CultureA Theoretical Analysis of Culture Cultural Assimilation Patterns
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/Children_Families_Schools_and_Communities_(Giovannini)/06%3A_What_is_Culture_and_Why_is_it_Important/6.02%3A_Ethnocentrism_and_XenocentrismXenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own. (The Greek root word xeno, pronounced “ZEE-no,” means “stranger” or “foreign gues...Xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own. (The Greek root word xeno, pronounced “ZEE-no,” means “stranger” or “foreign guest.”) An exchange student who goes home after a semester abroad or a sociologist who returns from the field may find it difficult to associate with the values of their own culture after having experienced what they deem a more upright or nobler way of living.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Collin_College/SOCI_1306%3A_Social_Problems/04%3A_Culture/4.01%3A_What_is_Culture/4.1.04%3A_Ethnocentrism_and_Cultural_RelativismFor anthropologists in the field, cultural relativism is especially important. We must set aside our innate ethnocentrisms and let cultural relativism guide our inquiries and interactions with others ...For anthropologists in the field, cultural relativism is especially important. We must set aside our innate ethnocentrisms and let cultural relativism guide our inquiries and interactions with others so that our observations are not biased. However, anthropology is unique among academic disciplines because of the diversity of approaches used to conduct research and for the broad range of orientations that fall under its umbrella.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Southwestern_College/SOC_106%3A_Race_and_Ethnicity_(Brenner)/Z_Introduction_to_Race_and_Ethnic_Relations_(working_edit)/1.03%3A_Ethnicity_and_ReligionWhile sociologists sometimes use the umbrella phrase "race-ethnic groups," making a distinction between race and ethnicity is important for sociologists. Ethnicity refers to common cultural practices...While sociologists sometimes use the umbrella phrase "race-ethnic groups," making a distinction between race and ethnicity is important for sociologists. Ethnicity refers to common cultural practices tied to a particular nationality of origin, such as language, religion, foodways, history, traditions, and values. Religious denomination varies across race-ethnic groups.
