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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.04%3A_FramingThe page discusses a decision-making problem adapted from Tversky & Kahneman, where people must choose between two programs to combat a deadly avian disease. Though the outcomes of Programs (A and B) ...The page discusses a decision-making problem adapted from Tversky & Kahneman, where people must choose between two programs to combat a deadly avian disease. Though the outcomes of Programs (A and B) and (C and D) are objectively identical, framing them differently (focus on lives saved vs. lives lost) leads to different choices. People tend to be risk-averse with gains and risk-seeking with losses, illustrating how framing influences decision-making.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.01%3A_RepresentativenessHumans are drawn to stimuli that are salient, such as unique or negative experiences. This influences how we make judgments using cognitive shortcuts like the representativeness heuristic. Cognitive a...Humans are drawn to stimuli that are salient, such as unique or negative experiences. This influences how we make judgments using cognitive shortcuts like the representativeness heuristic. Cognitive accessibility determines how readily available knowledge is to guide our reactions, potentially leading to errors such as the availability heuristic or false consensus bias. Understanding these concepts helps to recognize how we may think accurately or inaccurately about ourselves and others.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/Observation_and_Assessment_in_Early_Childhood_Education_(Peterson_and_Elam)/01%3A_Observation_and_Documentation_-_The_Key_to_Intentional_Teaching/1.07%3A_Recognizing_Your_BiasesThe text explores the concept of bias, explaining that biases are inherent in everyone due to their upbringing and experiences and significantly affect beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. It emphasizes ...The text explores the concept of bias, explaining that biases are inherent in everyone due to their upbringing and experiences and significantly affect beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and understanding personal biases, particularly in educational settings, to avoid unfair treatment based on preconceived notions. Teachers are encouraged to observe and reflect objectively, avoiding common pitfalls such as making assumptions or labeling behaviors.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.06%3A_Hindsight_BiasHindsight bias is the tendency to view past events as having been predictable after they have already occurred. This bias often leads individuals to assume they "knew it all along," affecting how they...Hindsight bias is the tendency to view past events as having been predictable after they have already occurred. This bias often leads individuals to assume they "knew it all along," affecting how they judge others' decisions. For example, a company driver might face criticism for not acting on unusual engine sounds if the car later malfunctions, though she may have reasonably assessed the risk based on her previous experiences.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/COMS_100%3A_Process_of_Communication_(Stokes-Rice)/03%3A_Perceiving_and_Understanding/3.02%3A_Perceiving_OthersThe page discusses how people make judgments about others, often based on minimal exposure, and how these judgments can be surprisingly accurate and predictive, such as in political elections. It delv...The page discusses how people make judgments about others, often based on minimal exposure, and how these judgments can be surprisingly accurate and predictive, such as in political elections. It delves into the psychological processes involved in perception and attribution, explaining how we tend to attribute behaviors to internal or external factors, often leading to perceptual errors like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias.
