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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Leeward_Community_College/PSY_100_Biddle/Book%3A_Introductory_Psychology_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Learning/12.1%3A_What_Is_Learning%3FLearning, like reflexes and instincts, allows an organism to adapt to its environment. But unlike instincts and reflexes, learned behaviors involve change and experience: learning is a relatively perm...Learning, like reflexes and instincts, allows an organism to adapt to its environment. But unlike instincts and reflexes, learned behaviors involve change and experience: learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience. In contrast to the innate behaviors discussed above, learning involves acquiring knowledge and skills through experience.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/01%3A_History_of_Cognitive_Psychology/1.05%3A_Contributions_to_Cognitive_Psychology_BirthThe cognitive revolution marked a shift from behaviorism's emphasis on external behavior to a renewed focus on the mind, driven by fields like linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science. Noam Cho...The cognitive revolution marked a shift from behaviorism's emphasis on external behavior to a renewed focus on the mind, driven by fields like linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science. Noam Chomsky played a vital role, challenging behaviorism's limitations and introducing the concept of an innate language acquisition device, although this notion remains debated.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/05%3A_Vision_and_Perception/5.01%3A_Vision/5.1.01%3A_Learning_Objectives_and_IntroductionFirst, light enters the eyeball through a tiny hole known as the pupil and, thanks to the refractive properties of your cornea and lens, this light signal gets projected sharply into the retina (see O...First, light enters the eyeball through a tiny hole known as the pupil and, thanks to the refractive properties of your cornea and lens, this light signal gets projected sharply into the retina (see Outside Resources for links to a more detailed description of the eye structure).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/12%3A_Classification_and_Categorization_with_Pattern_Recognition/12.03%3A_Concepts_and_CategoriesThe text examines the concept of categories and concepts, highlighting how individuals learn, categorize, and apply this understanding in daily life. It discusses how categories, although diverse, sha...The text examines the concept of categories and concepts, highlighting how individuals learn, categorize, and apply this understanding in daily life. It discusses how categories, although diverse, share commonalities making them informative. Concepts, which are mental representations of categories, guide behavior and learning. The text also explores the complexities of category definition, revealing issues like fuzzy boundaries and typicality.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/04%3A_Development_and_Plasticity_of_the_Brain/4.01%3A_Epigenetics_in_Psychology/4.1.01%3A_Learning_Objective_and_IntroductionThe advent of high-throughput techniques such as sequencing-based approaches to study the distributions of regulators of gene expression throughout the genome led to the collective description of the ...The advent of high-throughput techniques such as sequencing-based approaches to study the distributions of regulators of gene expression throughout the genome led to the collective description of the “epigenome.” In contrast to the genome sequence, which is static and the same in almost all cells, the epigenome is highly dynamic, differing among cell types, tissues, and brain regions (Gregg et al., 2010).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/The_Whole_Child%3A_Development_in_the_Early_Years_(Budzyna_and_Buckley)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.06%3A_Sociocultural_TheoryThe text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive developme...The text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive development. His concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding highlights the role of guided learning. Despite criticisms regarding the universality of his theories and the underdeveloped language theory, Vygotsky's ideas remain influential in education.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Moraine_Park_Technical_College/Child_Growth_and_Develpment_(MPTC_Version)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.06%3A_Sociocultural_TheoryThe text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive developme...The text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive development. His concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding highlights the role of guided learning. Despite criticisms regarding the universality of his theories and the underdeveloped language theory, Vygotsky's ideas remain influential in education.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Human_Relations/Human_Relations_(Dias)/06%3A_Understand_Your_Motivations/6.02%3A_Human_Motivation_at_WorkThere are a number of theories that attempt to describe what makes a satisfied employee versus an unsatisfied employee. Knowing what motivates us—and what doesn’t—is the key to choosing the right care...There are a number of theories that attempt to describe what makes a satisfied employee versus an unsatisfied employee. Knowing what motivates us—and what doesn’t—is the key to choosing the right career path. It may be surprising, but much of what makes us satisfied or unsatisfied at work has little to do with money. We will discuss some of these theories next.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/08%3A_States_of_Consciousness/8.02%3A_Consciousness/8.2.01%3A_Learning_Objectives_and_IntroductionHere we include experiences of feeling and understanding sensory input, of a temporal sequence of autobiographical events, of imagination, of emotions and moods, of ideas, of memories—the whole range ...Here we include experiences of feeling and understanding sensory input, of a temporal sequence of autobiographical events, of imagination, of emotions and moods, of ideas, of memories—the whole range of mental contents open to an individual. In this module, we focus not on states of consciousness or on self-consciousness, but rather on the process that unfolds in the course of a conscious experience—a moment of awareness—the essential ingredient of consciousness.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/04%3A_Development_and_Plasticity_of_the_Brain/4.01%3A_Epigenetics_in_Psychology/4.1.04%3A_Child_Nutrition_and_the_EpigenomeFor example, rat mothers fed a diet low in methyl group donors during pregnancy produce offspring with reduced DNMT-1 expression, decreased DNA methylation, and increased histone acetylation at promot...For example, rat mothers fed a diet low in methyl group donors during pregnancy produce offspring with reduced DNMT-1 expression, decreased DNA methylation, and increased histone acetylation at promoter regions of specific genes, including the glucocorticoid receptor, and increased gene expression in the liver of juvenile offspring (Lillycrop, Phillips, Jackson, Hanson, & Burdge, 2005) and adult offspring (Lillycrop et al., 2007).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/09%3A_Internal_Regulation/9.01%3A_Drive_States/9.1.01%3A_Learning_Objectives_and_IntroductionHumans rely critically on food for nutrition and energy, and the absence of food can create drastic changes, not only in physical appearance, but in thoughts and behaviors. If you’ve ever fasted for a...Humans rely critically on food for nutrition and energy, and the absence of food can create drastic changes, not only in physical appearance, but in thoughts and behaviors. If you’ve ever fasted for a day, you probably noticed how hunger can take over your mind, directing your attention to foods you could be eating (a cheesy slice of pizza, or perhaps some sweet, cold ice cream), and motivating you to obtain and consume these foods.
