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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/Exploring_Intercultural_Communication_COMM_325_DuBray_version_Grothe/06%3A_Verbal_Processes_in_Intercultural_Communication/6.01%3A_Language_and_CultureThe conviction that the words of our native language fit the world as it really is, is deeply rooted in the thinking of many people, particularly those who have never been forced to move, existentiall...The conviction that the words of our native language fit the world as it really is, is deeply rooted in the thinking of many people, particularly those who have never been forced to move, existentially, from one language into another and to leave the certainties of their home language (p.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/03%3A_Sounds_Part_2-_Phonology/3.01%3A_Phonemes_and_allophonesThe page discusses phonology, focusing on how linguistic signals are composed of smaller physical units that combine based on language-specific rules. Examples in English and American Sign Language (A...The page discusses phonology, focusing on how linguistic signals are composed of smaller physical units that combine based on language-specific rules. Examples in English and American Sign Language (ASL) demonstrate the concept. In spoken language, phonemes are abstract units with various allophones, which vary depending on stress and other phonetic environments.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Development/Lifespan_Development_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Physical_and_Cognitive_Development_in_Early_Childhood_(Ages_3_to_6)/5.04%3A_Language_in_Early_ChildhoodThis section covers various aspects of language development, from distinguishing the features of formal language to cognitive development, environmental influences, and individual differences in langu...This section covers various aspects of language development, from distinguishing the features of formal language to cognitive development, environmental influences, and individual differences in language learning. The text highlights how children, like Emilia, experience dramatic vocabulary growth and acquire dialects and idioms based on cultural and environmental exposures.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/09%3A_Language_Acquisition/9.02%3A_Phonemic_contrastThe text discusses linguistic development in babies, focusing on how they start learning phonology before speaking and the eventual specialization in phoneme contrasts. Observations using techniques l...The text discusses linguistic development in babies, focusing on how they start learning phonology before speaking and the eventual specialization in phoneme contrasts. Observations using techniques like conditioned head turns reveal babies can distinguish phonetic differences from various languages, a skill that diminishes after one year as they adapt to their native language's sound system.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Communication/Intercultural_Communication/Intercultural_Communication_for_the_Community_College_(Karen_Krumrey-Fulks)/01%3A_Chapters/1.05%3A_Verbal_CommunicationHow do you communicate? How do you think? We use language as a system to create and exchange meaning with one another, and the types of words we use influence both our perceptions and others interpret...How do you communicate? How do you think? We use language as a system to create and exchange meaning with one another, and the types of words we use influence both our perceptions and others interpretation of our meanings. Language is one of the more conspicuous expressions of culture. Aside from the obvious differences, vocabularies are actually often built on the cultural experiences of the users.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/07%3A_Sociolinguistics-_Language_Variation_and_Change/7.01%3A_What_is_variationist_sociolinguisticsThe text explores variationist sociolinguistics, an approach that examines the relationship between language and its context of use. It discusses the use of terms like "eh" and "right" in Canadian Eng...The text explores variationist sociolinguistics, an approach that examines the relationship between language and its context of use. It discusses the use of terms like "eh" and "right" in Canadian English, differentiating dialects from languages based on intelligibility, not political boundaries. Misconceptions about dialects, such as viewing them as inferior or linked to accents, are refuted.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/03%3A_Sounds_Part_2-_Phonology/3.02%3A_Phonotactics_and_natural_classesThe page discusses phonotactics, which are language-specific restrictions on the combinations of physical units in certain environments. Examples highlight how some sounds are allowed in certain langu...The page discusses phonotactics, which are language-specific restrictions on the combinations of physical units in certain environments. Examples highlight how some sounds are allowed in certain languages but not in others. The concept of natural classes, sharing phonetic properties, is explained, and the Symmetry Condition in ASL is discussed with examples. The distribution patterns of sounds within languages and the significance of understanding these patterns are also examined.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/03%3A_Sounds_Part_2-_Phonology/3.06%3A_Another_example_of_phonemic_analysisThe text discusses the phonetic analysis of French voiced and voiceless sonorants, focusing on voiced sonorants [m], [l], [??] and their voiceless counterparts [m??], [l??], [????]. The analysis follo...The text discusses the phonetic analysis of French voiced and voiceless sonorants, focusing on voiced sonorants [m], [l], [??] and their voiceless counterparts [m??], [l??], [????]. The analysis follows steps to identify and organize phones, determine environments, and assess whether phones are in complementary distribution.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/03%3A_Sounds_Part_2-_Phonology/3.09%3A_Types_of_phonological_rulesThe page discusses various types of phonological rules across different languages, mainly focusing on assimilation, where phonemes change to resemble their surrounding sounds. Examples include phonati...The page discusses various types of phonological rules across different languages, mainly focusing on assimilation, where phonemes change to resemble their surrounding sounds. Examples include phonation assimilation in Wemba Wemba, place assimilation in Persian, and nasality assimilation in Ka???apor. The page also highlights other articulatory processes such as aspiration in English, deletion, epenthesis, metathesis, and constraints in certain languages.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/03%3A_Sounds_Part_2-_Phonology/3.10%3A_Signed_language_phonologyThe text discusses phonological rules in signed languages, highlighting how they differ from spoken languages due to modality differences. In spoken languages, phonological rules apply universally; ho...The text discusses phonological rules in signed languages, highlighting how they differ from spoken languages due to modality differences. In spoken languages, phonological rules apply universally; however, signed languages have unique phonological processes impacting individual signs. These include "weak hand freeze," "weak hand drop," "lowering," "distalization," and "proximalization.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Canada_College/Essentials_of_Linguistics_Remix_2.0/01%3A_What_Is_Linguistics_What_Is_Language/1.12%3A_Next_steps_and_referencesSarah Harmon outlines the structure for the remainder of a linguistics course, starting small with sounds and progressing to words, phrases, and meaning, covering the core areas like Phonetics, Syntax...Sarah Harmon outlines the structure for the remainder of a linguistics course, starting small with sounds and progressing to words, phrases, and meaning, covering the core areas like Phonetics, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics. The course will later address speech communities, sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, language acquisition, and language processing. Resources are recommended for deepening understanding, emphasizing the complexity and enjoyment of studying language patterns.
