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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_1e_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Memory/8.01%3A_Prelude_to_MemoryWe may be top-notch learners, but if we don’t have a way to store what we’ve learned, what good is the knowledge we’ve gained?
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_2e_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Social_Psychology/12.04%3A_Attitudes_and_PersuasionAttitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political ...Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Introductory_Sociology_1e_(OpenStax)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_SociologySociology is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical invest...Sociology is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Many sociologists conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Heritage_University/Introductory_Psychology_-_Heritage_University/07%3A_Week_7_-_Learning/7.01%3A_Class_Day_7.1/7.1.01%3A_Classical_ConditioningPavlov (1849–1936), a Russian scientist, performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning. As we discussed briefly in the previous section, classica...Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian scientist, performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning. As we discussed briefly in the previous section, classical conditioning is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Heritage_University/Introductory_Psychology_-_Heritage_University/01%3A_Week_1_-_Introduction_to_Psychology/1.02%3A_Class_Day_1.2/1.2.01%3A_Analyzing_FindingsHow do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means...How do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Introductory_Sociology_1e_(OpenStax)/03%3A_Culture/3.04%3A_Pop_Culture_Subculture_and_Cultural_ChangeThere are a multitude of cultural differences between societies in the world. Societies are also comprised of many subcultures—smaller groups that share an identity. Countercultures reject mainstream...There are a multitude of cultural differences between societies in the world. Societies are also comprised of many subcultures—smaller groups that share an identity. Countercultures reject mainstream values and create their own cultural rules and norms. Through invention or discovery, cultures evolve via new ideas and new ways of thinking. In many modern cultures, technology can lead to cultural lag and spreads both material and nonmaterial culture to contribute to globalization.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Introductory_Sociology_1e_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Race_and_EthnicityThumbnail: Robert De Niro and his wife Grace Hightower are a prominent interracial couple, shown here at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival (CC BY 3.0; David Shankbone).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Introductory_Sociology_1e_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Race_and_Ethnicity/11.01%3A_Introduction_to_Race_and_EthnicityTrayvon Martin was a seventeen-year-old black teenager. On the evening of February 26, 2012, he was visiting with his father and his father’s fiancée in the Sanford, Florida multi-ethnic gated communi...Trayvon Martin was a seventeen-year-old black teenager. On the evening of February 26, 2012, he was visiting with his father and his father’s fiancée in the Sanford, Florida multi-ethnic gated community where his father's fiancée lived. Trayvon left her home on foot to buy a snack from a nearby convenience store. As he was returning, George Zimmerman, a white Hispanic male and the community’s neighborhood watch program coordinator, noticed him.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_2e_(OpenStax)/09%3A_Lifespan_Development/9.05%3A_Death_and_DyingEvery story has an ending. Death marks the end of your life story. Our culture and individual backgrounds influence how we view death. Whether due to illness or old age, not everyone facing death or t...Every story has an ending. Death marks the end of your life story. Our culture and individual backgrounds influence how we view death. Whether due to illness or old age, not everyone facing death or the loss of a loved one experiences the negative emotions outlined in the Kübler-Ross model.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_2e_(OpenStax)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Psychology/1.05%3A_Careers_in_PsychologyPsychologists can work in many different places doing many different things. In general, anyone wishing to continue a career in psychology at a 4-year institution of higher education will have to earn...Psychologists can work in many different places doing many different things. In general, anyone wishing to continue a career in psychology at a 4-year institution of higher education will have to earn a doctoral degree in psychology for some specialties and at least a master’s degree for others. In most areas of psychology, this means earning a PhD in a relevant area of psychology.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Introductory_Sociology_1e_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Sociological_Research/2.04%3A_Ethical_ConcernsMany sociologists believe it is impossible to set aside personal values and retain complete objectivity. They caution readers, rather, to understand that sociological studies may, by necessity, contai...Many sociologists believe it is impossible to set aside personal values and retain complete objectivity. They caution readers, rather, to understand that sociological studies may, by necessity, contain a certain amount of value bias. It does not discredit the results but allows readers to view them as one form of truth rather than a singular fact. Some sociologists attempt to remain uncritical and as objective as possible when studying cultural institutions.
