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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Understanding_Biological_Behavior_(C-ID_PSY_150)/01%3A_Introduction/1.03%3A_Conducting_Psychology_Research_in_the_Real_World/1.3.06%3A_VocabularyA methodology where participants complete a questionnaire about their thoughts, feelings, and behavior of the day at the end of the day. A scientific approach whereby researchers start with an observa...A methodology where participants complete a questionnaire about their thoughts, feelings, and behavior of the day at the end of the day. A scientific approach whereby researchers start with an observational field study to identify an effect in the real world, follow up with laboratory experimentation to verify the effect and isolate the causal mechanisms, and return to field research to corroborate their experimental findings.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.04%3A_FramingThe page discusses a decision-making problem adapted from Tversky & Kahneman, where people must choose between two programs to combat a deadly avian disease. Though the outcomes of Programs (A and B) ...The page discusses a decision-making problem adapted from Tversky & Kahneman, where people must choose between two programs to combat a deadly avian disease. Though the outcomes of Programs (A and B) and (C and D) are objectively identical, framing them differently (focus on lives saved vs. lives lost) leads to different choices. People tend to be risk-averse with gains and risk-seeking with losses, illustrating how framing influences decision-making.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/10%3A_Perception/10.03%3A_Visual_IllusionsPsychologists have studied human perception, focusing on systems like vision and hearing, as well as others such as smell, taste, and balance. By creating perceptual illusions, scientists explore how ...Psychologists have studied human perception, focusing on systems like vision and hearing, as well as others such as smell, taste, and balance. By creating perceptual illusions, scientists explore how the brain interprets sensory information. These illusions, often used by artists to depict depth, demonstrate our ability to judge context rather than absolute qualities.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/The_Whole_Child%3A_Development_in_the_Early_Years_(Budzyna_and_Buckley)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.04%3A_Social_Cognitive_TheoryAlbert Bandura is renowned for his Bobo Doll experiments in the 1960s, which challenged the then-prevailing belief that learning resulted from reinforcement. Bandura's social learning theory emphasize...Albert Bandura is renowned for his Bobo Doll experiments in the 1960s, which challenged the then-prevailing belief that learning resulted from reinforcement. Bandura's social learning theory emphasized that individuals learn by observing others, integrating behaviorist and cognitive theories by focusing on attention, memory, and motivation. It developed into the Social Cognitive Theory, highlighting the interplay of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/The_Whole_Child%3A_Development_in_the_Early_Years_(Budzyna_and_Buckley)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.06%3A_Sociocultural_TheoryThe text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive developme...The text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive development. His concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding highlights the role of guided learning. Despite criticisms regarding the universality of his theories and the underdeveloped language theory, Vygotsky's ideas remain influential in education.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ethnic_Studies/Introduction_to_African_American_Studies%3A_An_Anthology_of_Essays_on_Radical_Black_Thought%2C_Intellect%2C_and_Culture/05%3A_Black_Psychology/5.07%3A_Instructor_Resources/5.7.04%3A_Multimodal_AssignmentsThis page outlines assignments centered on the contributions of Black psychologists, involving comparisons of their impacts on psychology. Students will create visual presentations, participate in gal...This page outlines assignments centered on the contributions of Black psychologists, involving comparisons of their impacts on psychology. Students will create visual presentations, participate in gallery walks about contemporary psychological concepts affecting African Americans, and conduct a SWOT analysis of Black Psychology.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Moraine_Park_Technical_College/Child_Growth_and_Develpment_(MPTC_Version)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.06%3A_Sociocultural_TheoryThe text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive developme...The text discusses the contributions of Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky to sociocultural theory, emphasizing his insights on the importance of social interaction, culture, and language in cognitive development. His concept of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding highlights the role of guided learning. Despite criticisms regarding the universality of his theories and the underdeveloped language theory, Vygotsky's ideas remain influential in education.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.09%3A_Belief_Perseverance_BiasBelief perseverance bias occurs when individuals cling to their initial beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary. This cognitive bias frustrates skeptics who present sound arguments to persuade ...Belief perseverance bias occurs when individuals cling to their initial beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary. This cognitive bias frustrates skeptics who present sound arguments to persuade others, yet fail to change beliefs. Rooted in confirmation bias, belief perseverance arises from a desire for certainty and linear knowledge. People prefer consistency and resist acknowledging errors, as the effort to reassess and integrate new information is daunting.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.08%3A_Confirmation_BiasConfirmation bias is a tendency to process information in a way that aligns with existing beliefs, often leading to poor judgments, belief justifications, and hostile reactions toward dissent. It can ...Confirmation bias is a tendency to process information in a way that aligns with existing beliefs, often leading to poor judgments, belief justifications, and hostile reactions toward dissent. It can result in stereotype perpetuation or inaccurate diagnoses. While generally viewed negatively, the Argumentative Theory suggests it aids in constructing persuasive arguments by avoiding distractions.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/11%3A_Attention/11.05%3A_SubitizingThis text discusses two psychological theories: subitizing and Treisman's Attenuation Model. Subitizing is the ability to recognize small numbers of objects quickly, often through recognizable pattern...This text discusses two psychological theories: subitizing and Treisman's Attenuation Model. Subitizing is the ability to recognize small numbers of objects quickly, often through recognizable patterns. It contrasts with broader theories that are less precise but cover more phenomena. Treisman???s model relates to divided attention, proposing that unattended information is not entirely blocked but attenuated, allowing meaningful information to pass through.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/The_Whole_Child%3A_Development_in_the_Early_Years_(Budzyna_and_Buckley)/02%3A_Theorists_and_Theories_of_Development/2.05%3A_Cognitive_TheoryThe text provides an overview of Jean Piaget's pioneering work on children's cognitive development, outlining his identification of four key developmental stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concret...The text provides an overview of Jean Piaget's pioneering work on children's cognitive development, outlining his identification of four key developmental stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage highlights the evolving cognitive abilities of children as they adapt to their environments.
