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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/15%3A_Intensional_Contexts/15.03%3A_Non-intersective_adjectivesNow the definition of intersection guarantees that if one of the sentences in (4) is true, then the individual named by the subject NP must be a member of both the denotation set of the head noun and ...Now the definition of intersection guarantees that if one of the sentences in (4) is true, then the individual named by the subject NP must be a member of both the denotation set of the head noun and the denotation set of the adjective modifier.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/14%3A_Quantifiers/14.01%3A_IntroductionWe analyzed those sentences as asserting that a specific individual (the referent of the subject NP) is a member of a particular set (the denotation set of the VP). In §14.3 we show why the standard p...We analyzed those sentences as asserting that a specific individual (the referent of the subject NP) is a member of a particular set (the denotation set of the VP). In §14.3 we show why the standard predicate logic notation that we introduced in Chapter 4 cannot express the meanings of certain kinds of quantifiers.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/11%3A_Conventional_implicature_and_use-conditional_meaning/11.02%3A_Distinguishing_truth-conditional_vs._use-conditional_meaningBased on Grice’s comments, Potts formulates a definition of conventional implicatures that includes the following points: (i) conventional implicatures are (normally) beliefs of the speaker (“I have c...Based on Grice’s comments, Potts formulates a definition of conventional implicatures that includes the following points: (i) conventional implicatures are (normally) beliefs of the speaker (“I have certainly committed myself”), and so in a sense “speaker-oriented”; (ii) they are part of the intrinsic, conventional meaning of a given expression or construction (“by virtue of the meaning of my words”), and so are not cancellable; (iii) they do not contribute to the truthconditional content which…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/16%3A_Modality/16.05%3A_On_the_nature_of_epistemic_modalityRelatedly, several commentators argue that epistemic modality expresses a comment on the proposition expressed by the rest of the utterance… The intuition underlying this view is that epistemic modali...Relatedly, several commentators argue that epistemic modality expresses a comment on the proposition expressed by the rest of the utterance… The intuition underlying this view is that epistemic modality in natural language marks the degree and/or source of the speaker’s commitment to the embedded proposition.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/14%3A_Quantifiers
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/11%3A_Conventional_implicature_and_use-conditional_meaning/11.03%3A_Japanese_Honorifics11 The term argument honorifics is adapted from Potts (2005), who referred to this type as “argument-oriented honorifics”. Harada (1976), one of the first detailed discussions of these issues in Engli...11 The term argument honorifics is adapted from Potts (2005), who referred to this type as “argument-oriented honorifics”. Harada (1976), one of the first detailed discussions of these issues in English, refers to this type as “propositional honorifics”. Harada was the original source of the term “performative honorifics” for those which show respect to the addressee, a terminology which is now widely adopted.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/09%3A_Pragmatic_inference_after_Grice
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/19%3A_Conditionals/19.07%3A_Speech_Act_conditionalsOur discussion at the beginning of this section suggests that the antecedent of a speech act conditional specifies a condition under which the speech act performed in the consequent will be felicitous...Our discussion at the beginning of this section suggests that the antecedent of a speech act conditional specifies a condition under which the speech act performed in the consequent will be felicitous, whereas the antecedent in standard conditionals specifies a condition under which the proposition expressed in the consequent will be true.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/12%3A_How_meanings_are_composed/12.04%3A_Propositional_attitudesSince the denotation of a declarative clause is its truth value, and since the two complement clauses have the same truth value if considered on their own, the principle of substitutivity would predic...Since the denotation of a declarative clause is its truth value, and since the two complement clauses have the same truth value if considered on their own, the principle of substitutivity would predict that sentences (12a) and (12b) as a whole should have the same denotation, i.e., the same truth value.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/09%3A_Pragmatic_inference_after_Grice/9.01%3A_IntroductionGrice himself suggested that some apparently distinct “senses” of these words could be analyzed as generalized conversational implicatures. §9.3 discusses a type of pragmatic “enrichment” that seems t...Grice himself suggested that some apparently distinct “senses” of these words could be analyzed as generalized conversational implicatures. §9.3 discusses a type of pragmatic “enrichment” that seems to be required in order to determine the truth-conditional meaning of a sentence. §9.4 discusses how the relatively clean and simple distinction between semantics vs.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Linguistics/Analyzing_Meaning_-_An_Introduction_to_Semantics_and_Pragmatics_(Kroeger)/16%3A_Modality/16.04%3A_Cross-linguistic_variationThe St’át’imcets data might be analyzed roughly along the lines suggested in (26): the modal markers =k’a and =ka are both defined in terms of a quantifier which is underspecified for strength, but th...The St’át’imcets data might be analyzed roughly along the lines suggested in (26): the modal markers =k’a and =ka are both defined in terms of a quantifier which is underspecified for strength, but they lexically specify different types (or flavors) of modality: They report that this is possible in just under half (102) of the languages in their sample: in 105 of the languages, all of the modal markers are lexically specified as either epistemic or deontic/ root, with no ambiguity possible.
