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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.08%3A_Production-_International_InstitutionsThe treaty also mentions that “any indicator preventing or detection of virus transmission; ensuring the availability of tangible and intangible goods, services, materials, or technology; or national ...The treaty also mentions that “any indicator preventing or detection of virus transmission; ensuring the availability of tangible and intangible goods, services, materials, or technology; or national economic recovery, stability, or development during or following the spread of the virus and the international response; as well as any other objective relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences” (Bernasconi-Osterwalder & Maina, 2020).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)The textbook provides overviews of three different kinds of economic integration: trade, production, and finance.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.03%3A_Trade-_Preferences_and_Interests_GroupsRicardo’s theory of comparative advantage would go on to influence the economists Hecksher and Ohlin, who brought the discussion of comparative advantage to the modern day and provides us with the key...Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage would go on to influence the economists Hecksher and Ohlin, who brought the discussion of comparative advantage to the modern day and provides us with the key framework of understanding the existence of Trade Preferences and Special Interest Groups and why they play a pivotal role in the makeup and trajectory of modern economies of scale.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.02%3A_Trade-_International_InstitutionsEnvironmentalists have long had concerns that the WTO privileged trade would be prioritized over health and environmental concerns, and it is important to understand that this organization has systems...Environmentalists have long had concerns that the WTO privileged trade would be prioritized over health and environmental concerns, and it is important to understand that this organization has systems in place in order “for the protection of human, animal or plant life and health, and natural resources” (WTO 2024), which was enforced in the case brought by India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand against the US, like adopting trade-related measures that ensure the flow of it to be smooth and pred…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.06%3A_Trade-_Preferential_AgreementsThe closest successor to the CMEA would be the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) however this agreement was a last-ditch attempt to preserve the trade links between the new republics of the For...The closest successor to the CMEA would be the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) however this agreement was a last-ditch attempt to preserve the trade links between the new republics of the Former Soviet Union (FSU), not the eastern bloc and communist allies of the past.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.10%3A_Finance-_After_Bretton_WoodsIn the late 1970s, and as part of the Keynesian theory, some countries were in favor of a free market economy, such as the United States, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland, and moved from a social-libe...In the late 1970s, and as part of the Keynesian theory, some countries were in favor of a free market economy, such as the United States, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland, and moved from a social-liberalism political philosophy to a neoliberalism one by abolishing their capital controls; they were following the example set by the United Kingdom in 1979 and most other advanced and emerging economies followed in the 1980s and early 1990s.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.01%3A_History_of_GlobalizationOver the past thousand years, we argue the most impressive of these “hegemons” have been the Mongol Empire of the 13th century, the British Empire of the 19th century, and the modern-day United States...Over the past thousand years, we argue the most impressive of these “hegemons” have been the Mongol Empire of the 13th century, the British Empire of the 19th century, and the modern-day United States. The reason for the fall of the empire occurred after the death of Genghis Khan, which resulted in a power struggle among his progeny and ultimately led to a division of land and resources that the empire was never able to recover from.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.07%3A_Production-_Domestic_Interests_and_InstitutionsDemocratization is one of the primary causes of FDI liberalization globally.3 Democratization contributes to the deregulation of FDI by propelling policymakers to favor policies that align with the in...Democratization is one of the primary causes of FDI liberalization globally.3 Democratization contributes to the deregulation of FDI by propelling policymakers to favor policies that align with the interests of labor.3 Reforms in domestic institutions may cause the empowerment of laborers over capital.2 Increased political participation of labor groups leads to the monitoring of politicians to keep them accountable to voters.3 As a result, voters’ need for higher wages, jobs, and economic growt…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.15%3A_Finance-_International_Institutions_(International_Monetary_Fund)When America faced its own financial crisis in 2008, the reaction from many in Asia regarding the steps taken by the government and the IMF were bitter. “This Hamburger Crisis is showing the hypocrisy...When America faced its own financial crisis in 2008, the reaction from many in Asia regarding the steps taken by the government and the IMF were bitter. “This Hamburger Crisis is showing the hypocrisy and the true color of the West, from the World Bank to IMF to the United States,” Thai Business Radio FM 98 host Danai Ekmahasawadi said (Cropley, 2008).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Open_International_Political_Economy_(Peinhardt)/01%3A_Chapters/1.12%3A_Finance-_1982_Debt_CrisisTherefore, during the 1982 crisis, forbearance was given to large banks with reserves against LDC loans, this has been noted to be necessary by some scholars given that the majority of the largest ban...Therefore, during the 1982 crisis, forbearance was given to large banks with reserves against LDC loans, this has been noted to be necessary by some scholars given that the majority of the largest banks in the U.S were assumed to be insolvent, so instead of creating panic among the current banking system, regulators chose an easier route of requiring U.S banks to cast aside some reserves for LDC debt, showing priority for keeping the stability inside the banking system.
