8: Gender and Gender Inequality
- Page ID
- 2059
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 8.1: Prelude to Gender and Gender Inequality
- This page addresses Rape Awareness Month at the University of Missouri-Columbia in September 2009, focusing on combatting sexual violence against new women students. It highlights empowering events like the Take Back the Night marches and contrasts historical and contemporary gender roles. Two stories from the early 1970s illustrate struggles with gender expectations—one woman pursuing medicine and a man grappling with masculinity.
- 8.2: Understanding Sex and Gender
- This page examines the distinctions between sex and gender, with sex defined as biological and gender as a societal construct influenced by culture. It addresses gender identity, sexual orientation, aggression differences, and the cultural origins of gender roles. The text critiques biological determinism, emphasizing the influence of socialization through family, education, and media.
- 8.3: Feminism and Sexism
- This page provides an overview of feminism and sexism, emphasizing their interconnectedness and evolution from the abolitionist movement to contemporary times. It highlights a decline in traditional gender roles and increased support for women’s equality, supported by survey data. Various types of feminism—liberal, socialist, radical, and multicultural—are defined, reflecting diverse strategies to address gender inequality.
- 8.4: Gender Inequality
- This page addresses pervasive gender inequality in income and the workplace, examining the gender pay gap and discrimination against women and LGBTQ+ individuals. It highlights how institutional biases, workplace segregation, and the glass ceiling impede women's economic advancement, noting that women earn about 81.2% of what men do. The disparities extend to household labor, with women carrying a heavier burden.
- 8.5: Violence Against Women- Rape and Pornography
- This page examines the high prevalence of rape and sexual assault, particularly affecting women, often perpetrated by acquaintances. It highlights the detrimental impact of cultural myths surrounding these crimes and stresses the need to challenge societal beliefs. Challenges in prosecuting rape cases are discussed, noting biases against women and linking the issue to male dominance and economic disparities.
- 8.6: The Benefits and Costs of Being Male
- This page explores the dual nature of male experiences in a patriarchal society, detailing the privileges of reduced fears of violence and workplace discrimination, alongside disadvantages like higher violence rates and emotional challenges linked to traditional masculinity. It stresses the importance of tackling both cultural and structural causes of gender inequality, proposing policy measures to address these issues and encourage a shift in traditional gender roles.
- 8.S: Gender and Gender Inequality (Summary)
- This page examines the differences between sex and gender, highlighting the debate on biological versus cultural explanations for gender roles. It discusses socialization's role in shaping these roles, the impact of feminism on gender equality, and ongoing issues such as wage gaps and sexual harassment. The text addresses the challenges faced by women of color and the violence against women, while also considering the privileges and disadvantages that men experience in a patriarchal society.