10: Health
- Page ID
- 299437
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Anthropological Contexts
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Lifestyle influences on health?
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Can cultural practices cause genetic change?
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Can they affect one’s physical and mental health?
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Health justice:
Infectious Diseases
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Virus
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Not a living cell
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1/1000 size of bacteria
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Vaccines used to prevent infection, but can’t be killed with antibiotics
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Bacteria
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Prokaryotic cell
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Can be treated with antibiotics
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Parasite
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Eukaryotic organism
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Can be treated with antiparasitic drugs
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Chronic Conditions
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Chronic conditions persist over a long period of time; cannot be prevented by vaccination or cured by medicines, nor do they disappear
- Some examples:
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Heart disease
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Obesity
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Hypertension
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Type 2 diabetes
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Cancer
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Mood disorders
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Osteoporosis
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Osteoarthritis
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Cirrhosis
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Dental caries
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Respiratory illnesses (asthma, COPD)
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Dementia
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Osteology
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Osteology – study of bones and skeletal system
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Determine evolutionary relationships
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Analyze locomotion patterns
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Comparisons between primates and humans
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Examination of human characteristics (applications in paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, forensics)
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Bioarchaeology
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Study of human remains
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Paleopathology
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Health
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Diet reconstruction
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Paleodemography
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Population characteristics
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Sex and age differences
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Mortality rates
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Skeletal Evidence
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Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis
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Curvature of the spine
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Tumor
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Cells divide uncontrollably, forming a lump or mass of abnormal tissue
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Autoimmune disorder that people are born with
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Osteoarthritis
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Condition that develops from age and wear and tear
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Sometimes athletes or dancers can get arthritis if they are putting significant strain on their joints
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Tuberculosis
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Bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system, but it also affects the surrounding bone
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Syphilis
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Sexually transmitted bacterial infection
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Rickets/osteomalacia
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Caused by a vitamin D deficiency that causes bone to become too soft to support one’s body weight
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Osteoporosis
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Progressive increase in bone erosion
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Increased porosity of skeleton leading to reduction in bone mass
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After menopause, reductions in bone mass may reach up to 2% of cortical bone and 9% of cancellous bone. People may lose 35% of cortical bone and 50% of cancellous bone by 30-40 yrs after menopause (bone loss occurs in everyone due to aging, but declining levels of estrogen increases bone loss)
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Increased mortality rate due to complications of fractures
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Prevention – enough calcium and vitamin D, plenty of exercise which maintains bone mass (provides a reserve against bone loss later in life)
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Culture Bound Syndromes
- Symptoms are recognized or occur in a specific society or culture
Photos:
- See Google slides below: