1: Introduction to Public Speaking
- Page ID
- 217864
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 1.0: Why It Matters- Introduction to Public Speaking
- This page introduces a module designed to improve public speaking skills, targeting those who feel anxious or wish to express themselves. It focuses on replacing fear with knowledge and strategies to boost confidence, offering tips and techniques for refining speaking abilities. The page also acknowledges contributors and resources involved in the course.
- 1.1: Introduction to Speaking Effectively
- This page emphasizes the importance of public speaking for effective communication, inspiring action, and advocacy. It outlines the benefits of public speaking in different aspects of life such as school, work, and personal interactions. Furthermore, it highlights the need to understand the communication process to rectify failures in communication.
- 1.2: The Benefits of Public Speaking
- This page highlights the numerous benefits of public speaking, emphasizing its role in education, personal development, and career enhancement. Key skills covered include research, argumentation, organization, and confidence-building. It stresses the importance of effective communication in professional settings, cultivating leadership, active listening, and problem-solving abilities. The overall goal is to foster personal and professional growth through strengthened communication skills.
- 1.3: What Is Communication?
- This page explores the complexities of communication, covering various models. It begins with Claude Shannon's Linear Model focusing on message transmission and noise. Miscommunication is illustrated through Tennyson's "The Charge of the Light Brigade," showcasing encoding and decoding issues.
- 1.4: Elements in a Speech
- This page compares speech preparation and delivery to writing research papers, highlighting key differences in audience engagement, context adaptation, content organization, and citation methods. Speeches require real-time adaptation to audience feedback and effective delivery through verbal and nonverbal cues, while papers allow for structured organization and referencing.
- 1.5: The Goals of a Speech
- This page discusses the four main objectives of public speaking: informing, persuading, entertaining, and commemorating. A successful speech is defined by its ability to convey important information, influence audience attitudes, engage emotionally, and honor significant figures or events. The effectiveness of a speech largely depends on the speaker's understanding of the audience's needs and the specific goal they aim to achieve.
- 1.6: Introduction to Speaking Confidently
- This page highlights the significance of a speaker's credibility and confidence in audience engagement. It addresses communication apprehension, the anxiety faced during speaking, and promises to examine its causes while providing strategies to mitigate it. The aim is to help individuals communicate with increased confidence.
- 1.7: What Is Communication Apprehension?
- This page discusses communication apprehension (CA), a common anxiety related to various communication situations. It distinguishes between trait anxiety, a general predisposition to anxiety, and situational anxiety, which arises in specific contexts. Physical symptoms, such as shortness of breath and a pounding heartbeat, are triggered by adrenaline.
- 1.8: What Causes Communication Apprehension?
- This page discusses communication apprehension (CA) and its various causes, including fear of failure, audience intimidation, high-stakes situations, uncertainty in speaking events, and the pressure of being the center of attention. These factors can lead to different levels of anxiety for each speaker, ultimately affecting their performance during public speaking.
- 1.9: Reducing Communication Apprehension
- This page discusses strategies to reduce communication anxiety, highlighting the need for individualized approaches such as preparation, positive mindset, and practice in various settings. It mentions the controversial effectiveness of "power posing" for anxiety reduction but acknowledges its confidence-boosting potential.
- 1.10: Introduction to Speaking to Advocate and Activate
- This page highlights George the Poet's view that our perception of the world is influenced by the narratives we accept. Public speaking is essential for sharing these narratives, which can either reinforce or challenge beliefs, offer new insights, and inspire action. Effective public speaking empowers individuals to advocate for their causes, encouraging audiences to reconsider their perspectives and behaviors, thereby underscoring its importance in activism.
- 1.11: Speaking as Civic Engagement
- This page highlights the connection between public speaking, advocacy, and civic engagement, rooted in Aristotle's rhetoric. It emphasizes the importance of dialogue, inclusivity, and key civic tasks outlined by Danielle Allen, such as deliberation and advocacy. Effective public speakers should connect with diverse audiences, as exemplified by Fred Rogers' heartfelt appeal to Congress for PBS funding, showcasing the impact of sincere communication in public discourse.
- 1.12: Speaking for Change
- This page discusses how public speaking can catalyze community change by empowering individuals and uniting like-minded groups. It highlights the internet's role in expanding advocacy efforts. Effective speakers create concise messages and actionable steps, targeting decision-makers.
- 1.13: Introduction to Evolutions of Public Speaking
- This page examines the historical and cultural evolution of public speaking, noting that it is influenced by cultural norms and audience expectations. It discusses how preferences for factual versus imaginative rhetoric have varied across different cultures and time periods. The focus is on contextualizing public speech rather than delivering a comprehensive history, ultimately highlighting the diversity and exchange inherent in its development throughout global traditions over the centuries.
- 1.14: Rhetoric in the Ancient World
- This page traces the origins of modern rhetoric across ancient cultures, highlighting public speaking's evolution informed by oral traditions. It emphasizes Mesopotamian proverbs advocating honesty, Egyptian teachings on calmness, and Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle on rhetorical practices. Roman theorists Cicero and Quintilian laid foundational theories, while Confucius in China prioritized action over words, and Ban Zhao advocated for women's thoughtful expression.
- 1.15: Public Speaking, Medieval to Modern
- This page explores the evolution of effective communication skills from classical rhetoric during the Renaissance and Enlightenment to the significance of women's empowerment in communication, as highlighted by figures like Christine de Pisan. It contrasts these views with Francis Bacon's empirical approach and delves into Indigenous storytelling traditions, emphasizing their cultural importance and value compared to Western methods.
- 1.16: Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 1730–1900
- This page examines the impact of public speaking on U.S. social movements, showcasing historical figures like Harry Hosier and Frederick Douglass in the fight against slavery, and pivotal moments in women's rights advocacy through speeches by Susan B. Anthony and Emmeline Pankhurst. It illustrates how compelling rhetoric has inspired change, emphasized the continued struggle for women's voting rights, and positioned the suffrage movement as essential for societal progress.
- 1.17: Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 1900–2020
- This page outlines the role of public speaking in U.S. social movements, spotlighting figures like Mother Jones, César Chávez, and Fannie Lou Hamer for their impactful rhetoric addressing social justice. It highlights pivotal events, including Martin Luther King Jr.
- 1.18: Technologies of Public Communication
- This page explores the evolution of public communication from McLuhan's "the medium is the message," outlining key technologies like the printing press, radio, television, and the internet, which transformed message delivery. It discusses media ideologies and the internet's role in eliminating traditional gatekeepers while introducing new algorithmic ones.
- 1.19: Putting It Together- Introduction to Public Speaking
- This page emphasizes the importance of public speaking in various aspects of life, noting its relevance in school, work, and personal realms. It contrasts speechwriting with academic writing, outlines the four primary goals of public speaking, and tackles the common fear associated with it, offering techniques to manage anxiety. Furthermore, the module highlights public speaking as a tool for social change and stresses the importance of understanding its social and cultural contexts.
- 1.20: Assignment- Assessing and Deflecting Communication Apprehension
- This page outlines how to access and complete the assignment "Assessing and Deflecting Communication Apprehension," including submission instructions through the Learning Management System (LMS). It also acknowledges Lumen Learning for the content, which is shared under a Creative Commons license.
- 1.21: Discussion- Speaking for Advocacy
- This page provides guidelines for engaging in the "Speaking for Advocacy" discussion prompt by Lumen Learning. Users are instructed to click on the prompt, read the instructions, and post their responses and comments in the discussion forum, with content licensed under Creative Commons.