10: Persuasive Speaking
- Page ID
- 217873
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 10.0: Why It Matters- Persuasive Speaking
- This page discusses persuasive speaking as a skill for convincing others to adopt viewpoints or take action, applicable in both casual and serious situations. It emphasizes the importance of planning, practice, and key elements like evidence and emotional appeals in delivering effective persuasion. The module aims to provide insights for creating compelling persuasive speeches.
- 10.1: Introduction to Speaking to Persuade
- This page discusses the prevalence of persuasion in daily life, revealing that individuals encounter 4,000 to 10,000 ads daily, which has fostered strong defenses against persuasive attempts. To effectively persuade an audience, it is essential to show them the value or benefit of the message rather than merely promoting a product. The next section will detail the fundamental aspects of audience-centered persuasive speaking.
- 10.2: What Is a Persuasive Speech?
- This page explores the objectives of persuasive speaking, emphasizing its role in convincing audiences to adopt beliefs or take action in contexts like advocacy, negotiations, and advertising. It traces the term "persuade" to its Latin roots, highlighting its aim to make viewpoints agreeable. Effective persuasive speaking enhances skills in recognizing persuasive messages, particularly in advertising, and benefits consumers in evaluating various communications.
- 10.3: Structure of a Persuasive Speech
- This page discusses persuasive speeches, highlighting their structural similarities to informative speeches but emphasizing their goal of advocating for a viewpoint or action. It categorizes persuasive speeches into propositions of fact, policy, and value. Various organizational patterns, such as causal, problem-solution, and comparative advantage, are suggested for effective argument support.
- 10.4: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
- This page outlines Monroe’s Motivated Sequence, a five-step method for persuasive speeches: 1) grab attention by presenting a problem, 2) establish the need with evidence, 3) provide a solution, 4) visualize the benefits of the solution, and 5) encourage a call to action. It is frequently used in health campaigns, illustrated by Ron Finley’s TED talk on creating gardens in food deserts.
- 10.5: Needs, Values, and Motivation
- This page explores the influence of needs and values on motivation, emphasizing emotional and values-based appeals. It introduces Steven Reiss's theory of sixteen basic desires driving behavior, including acceptance and curiosity. Furthermore, it presents Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which ranks human needs from physiological to self-actualization, underlining that higher needs can only be fulfilled after lower ones are met.
- 10.6: Introduction to Credibility and Evidence
- This page emphasizes the importance of evidence and reasoning in evaluating claims and speaker credibility. It outlines methods for effectively collecting and analyzing evidence, as well as presenting it clearly to foster audience trust and support.
- 10.7: Establishing Credibility
- This page emphasizes the importance of establishing credibility for effective persuasion. It highlights that credibility involves both competence, reflecting intelligence and knowledge, and character, showcasing sincerity and audience concern. Trust is built through qualifications, value connections, and confident delivery. Additionally, a well-argued speech enhances the speaker's credibility.
- 10.8: Evidence in a Persuasive Speech
- This page discusses the importance of effective evidence in persuasive speeches, emphasizing the need for relevant and credible sources tailored to the topic and audience. It highlights the use of both nonacademic and academic materials, the critical evaluation of source credibility, and the inclusion of expert testimony and peer-reviewed resources.
- 10.9: Errors and Fallacies
- This page discusses various argumentation fallacies that hinder effective persuasion, including hasty generalizations, transfer fallacies, irrelevant arguments, circular reasoning, and appeals to ignorance, authority, and tradition. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing these fallacies for better communication.
- 10.10: Barriers to Persuading an Audience
- This page discusses the challenges of persuading an audience to change beliefs or behaviors, highlighting barriers like bias against change and selective exposure. It suggests strategies for overcoming these obstacles, such as advocating for small changes, emphasizing positive outcomes, pointing out the consequences of inaction, and addressing cognitive dissonance to make change more acceptable.
- 10.11: Introduction to Persuasive Strategies
- This page discusses Aristotle's foundational concepts of persuasion from "The Rhetoric," highlighting inartistic and artistic proofs. He identifies three artistic proofs: ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning). These principles remain relevant in contemporary public speaking and advertising, emphasizing the importance of blending these elements for effective persuasion.
- 10.12: Persuasive Strategies Using Ethos
- This page discusses the importance of ethos in persuasive communication for building credibility and trust. It outlines strategies to enhance ethos, such as using credible sources, acknowledging differing views, and sharing personal experiences. The page also cites Anna Maria Chávez's 2011 speech at the Girls Scouts National convention as an example of effectively establishing ethos through storytelling and her qualifications, which made her relatable and credible as a leader.
- 10.13: Persuasive Strategies Using Logos
- This page outlines the Toulmin model of argumentation, consisting of six components: claim, data, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier. It emphasizes the importance of each element in forming valid arguments and highlights the roles of warrants and backing. The model facilitates argument analysis by segmenting it into parts, with examples illustrating its application in everyday contexts like commercials and debates to show how these elements collaborate to persuade an audience.
- 10.14: Persuasive Strategies Using Pathos
- This page emphasizes the significance of emotional appeals (pathos) in persuasive communication, illustrating their effectiveness through examples like ASPCA commercials and political speeches. It highlights the use of stories and vivid language to evoke emotions such as sympathy and outrage, citing John McCain's "Joe the Plumber" reference. However, it also cautions against overreliance on emotional strategies or insincerity, advocating for a balanced approach in persuasive efforts.
- 10.15: Putting It Together- Persuasive Speaking
- This page discusses persuasive speaking, highlighting Aristotle's three proofs: ethos, pathos, and logos. It emphasizes the integration of psychological needs and desires into modern arguments, ensuring that claims are evidence-based and structured. This strategy aims to fulfill the audience's needs, ultimately improving the effectiveness of persuasive communication.
- 10.16: Assignment- Ethos, Pathos, Logos
- This page provides a two-step guide for completing and submitting an assignment on Ethos, Pathos, and Logos via the LMS. It includes instructions to click on the assignment link and follow the submission guidelines. Authored by Misti Wills in collaboration with Lumen Learning, the content is shared under a Creative Commons license, necessitating attribution.
- 10.17: Discussion- Identifying Possible Appeals for Persuasive Speaking
- This page provides instructions for engaging in a discussion about identifying appeals for persuasive speaking. Users should click the link, read the prompt and instructions, and then contribute their responses in the forum. The content is credited to Misti Wills and Lumen Learning, and is licensed for attribution.