3: Students with Learning Disabilities
- Page ID
- 178802
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- 3.1: Definitions of Learning Disabilities
- The federal definition included in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the most common definition of specific learning disability used in educational settings.
- 3.2: The Illinois Definition of Specific Learning Disability
- Specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.
- 3.3: Types of Learning Disabilities
- Learning disabilities represent a group of disorders that cause students to exhibit unexpected difficulty or low performance in one or more academic areas and ineffective or inefficient information processing.
- 3.4: The History of Learning Disabilities
- There has been considerable debate about how to define or categorize learning disabilities. Often, as demonstrated by the definitions at the beginning of this chapter, a learning disability is defined by what it is not.
- 3.5: Prevalence of Learning Disabilities
- Among students receiving special education services, 33% are identified as having a specific learning disability, the most common category of disability (National Center for Education Statistics, 2022).
- 3.6: Causes of Learning Disabilities
- Among students receiving special education services, 33% are identified as having a specific learning disability, the most common category of disability (National Center for Education Statistics, 2022).
- 3.7: Identifying Students with Learning Disabilities
- Students are identified for special education and related services through a system of referrals beginning with the pre-referral process previously discussed in Chapter 1. The pre-referral process is part of a larger schoolwide system called response to intervention (RTI).