12: Personality Disorders
- Page ID
- 219757
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 12.1: Why It Matters- Personality Disorders
- This page explains the significance of understanding personality disorders, which highlight key differences in individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These disorders, classified in the DSM-5 into three clusters (A, B, C), arise when personality traits lead to distress or impairment. By identifying these patterns, awareness of interpersonal dynamics and mental health issues can be improved.
- 12.2: Introduction to Cluster A Personality Disorders
- This page explains personality disorders as inflexible patterns causing distress and impairment, categorized in the DSM-5 into three clusters: A (odd/eccentric), B (dramatic), and C (anxious/fearful). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders, characterized by social awkwardness and withdrawal. The summary indicates a focus on Cluster A disorders, highlighting their distinctive features and social challenges.
- 12.3: Personality Disorders
- This page discusses personality disorders, defined by stable and inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress, classified by the DSM-5 into three clusters: A (odd/eccentric), B (dramatic/emotional), and C (anxious/fearful). Approximately 9% of the U.S. population is affected, with disorders showcasing maladaptive traits rather than single traits.
- 12.4: Paranoid Personality Disorder
- This page describes paranoid personality disorder (PPD), a Cluster A disorder marked by distrust and interpersonal challenges, often alongside other issues like depression and PTSD. Diagnosis relies on specific criteria, and treatment options are limited, with individuals generally seeking help during crises.
- 12.5: Schizoid Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD), marked by a lack of interest in social relationships, emotional detachment, and a preference for solitude, typically starting in late childhood. It has a prevalence of less than 1% and often coexists with avoidant and schizotypal disorders. Individuals with SPD usually do not seek treatment and may have a rich inner fantasy life.
- 12.6: Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD), highlighting its characteristics such as social anxiety, eccentric behaviors, and cognitive distortions. Common symptoms include paranoid ideation and unusual speech patterns. STPD frequently co-occurs with other personality disorders and is genetically linked to schizophrenia. Treatment is difficult, usually requiring antipsychotics, due to patients' perception of their behaviors as normal. The prevalence of STPD ranges from 0.6% to 4.
- 12.7: Introduction to Cluster B Personality Disorders
- This page discusses Cluster B personality disorders, including antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline types. These disorders are characterized by impulsivity, dramatic behavior, high emotionality, and erratic actions. The section includes a video overview and offers additional resources for further learning.
- 12.8: Antisocial Personality Disorder
- This page covers antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), detailing its characteristics, causes, prevalence, and related disorders. It emphasizes emotional deficits and impaired empathy in individuals with ASPD, along with a case study of a person affected by early bullying and gang involvement. Treatment generally involves outpatient therapy, and early intervention for conduct disorders may be beneficial.
- 12.9: Histrionic Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD), characterized by attention-seeking, emotionality, and dramatic behaviors, affecting 2-3% of the population, mostly women. Treatment involves psychotherapy, and comorbidities are frequent. Additionally, it highlights Scott, who displays some HPD traits, such as unstable relationships and a need for attention, but does not fully meet diagnostic criteria.
- 12.10: Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), a Cluster B personality disorder characterized by grandiosity, a desire for admiration, and lack of empathy. Diagnosis requires five criteria from the DSM-5, and NPD often arises in adolescence or early adulthood, impairing relationships and social functioning. Treatment is difficult due to patients' poor self-awareness and potential comorbidities.
- 12.11: Borderline Personality Disorder
- This page discusses borderline personality disorder (BPD), emphasizing its instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, affecting 1.6-6% of the population, particularly women, and linked to childhood trauma. It outlines diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 and highlights treatment options, mainly psychotherapy.
- 12.12: Introduction to Cluster C Personality Disorders
- This page covers Cluster C personality disorders, specifically avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive types, characterized by anxious, fearful, or clingy behaviors. The content is sourced from multiple contributions and is shared under Creative Commons licenses.
- 12.13: Avoidant Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD), marked by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and heightened sensitivity to negative evaluation, leading to fear of ridicule and relationship avoidance. Symptoms typically emerge in early adulthood and may accompany other anxiety disorders, often linked to genetic, social, or psychological factors like childhood neglect.
- 12.14: Dependent Personality Disorder
- This page discusses Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD), a cluster C disorder characterized by excessive reliance on others, particularly in emotional and physical needs, beginning in early adulthood. Symptoms include decision-making difficulties, passivity, and separation anxiety, affecting around 0.49% of adults, more commonly women. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy to promote independence, with medications for related anxiety or depression.
- 12.15: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- This page discusses obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), a Cluster C disorder marked by a need for order and perfectionism that affects relationships and leisure. Unlike OCD, individuals with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions. Symptoms often appear in adulthood, and the disorder has genetic links and comorbidities, including anxiety and mood disorders, with treatment usually involving psychotherapy and sometimes antidepressants.
- 12.16: Introduction to Perspectives and Treatments Related to Personality Disorders
- This page provides an overview of personality disorders, defining them as long-term patterns of unhealthy thoughts and behaviors impacting relationships. It categorizes these disorders into three clusters: A (odd and eccentric), B (impulsive and erratic), and C (nervous and fearful). The text highlights different perspectives and treatment methods, emphasizing the unique challenges associated with each cluster.
- 12.17: Perspectives on Personality Disorders
- This page explores personality disorders as defined by the DSM-5, emphasizing their enduring behavioral patterns that diverge from cultural norms. It examines various psychological perspectives on their origins, including biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural factors, such as trauma and parenting styles. The content underscores the intricate interaction of genetic, psychological, and social elements in shaping personality disorders.
- 12.18: Treatments for Personality Disorders
- This page discusses the challenges of treating personality disorders, which often stem from deeply ingrained self-images and are frequently secondary to other mental health issues like anxiety or mood disorders. Many patients don't seek help for these disorders directly. Effective treatment options include individual, group, and family therapy, along with medications. Notably, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is highlighted for its effectiveness, especially for borderline personality disorder.
- 12.19: Case Studies- Personality Disorders
- This page explores personality disorders through case studies of fictional characters. Latasha demonstrates avoidant traits with her social withdrawal, the Mad Hatter shows erratic behavior indicating emotional instability, and the Grinch embodies antisocial traits marked by bitterness and isolation. The text prompts readers to analyze these behaviors to recognize potential personality disorders in the characters.
- 12.20: Putting It Together- Personality Disorders
- This page discusses personality disorders, which encompass issues in interpersonal functioning and necessitate varied treatment methods. It outlines three clusters and ten specific disorders, emphasizing the need for a diagnosis based on persistent behavioral patterns that deviate from cultural norms. While research has progressed in some areas, others remain underexplored.