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2.S: Culture as a Social Construct (Summary)

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    Key Terms and Concepts

    Acculturation Looking Glass Self
    Adaptive Maladaptive
    Anomie Mechanical Solidarity
    Coercive Organizations National Culture
    Collective Consciousness Normative Organizations
    Cultural Change Organic Solidarity
    Cultural Generalities Organizational Culture
    Cultural Lag Organizations
    Cultural Leveling Out-Group
    Cultural Objects Primary Group
    Cultural Patterns Reference Group
    Cultural Traits Sanctions
    Cultural Universals Secondary Group
    Group Shared Culture
    Group Dynamics Subcultures
    Ideal Culture Symbolic Power
    In-Group Utilitarian Organizations
    International Culture  

    References

    • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
    • Cooley, Charles Horton. 1964 [1902]. Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Schocken.
    • Durkheim, Émile. 1960 [1893]. The Division of Labor in Society. Translated by George Simpson. New York: Free Press.
    • Etzioni, Amitai. 1975. A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations: On Power, Involvement, and Their Correlates. New York: Free Press.
    • Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier, Richard P. Applebaum, and Deborah Carr. 2013. Essentials of Sociology. 4th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
    • Griffiths, Heather, Nathan Keirns, Eric Strayer, Suasn Cody-Rydzewsk, Gail Scaramuzzo, Tommy Sadler, Sally Vyain, Jeff Byer, and Faye Jones. 2015. Introduction to Sociology 2e. Houston, TX: OpenStax College.
    • Griswold, Wendy. 2013. Cultures and Societies in a Changing World. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Hallet, Tim. 2003. “Symbolic Power and Organizational Culture.” Sociological Theory. 21:128- 149.
    • Henslin, James M. 2011. Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
    • Human Rights Watch. 2017. “Afghanistan: Girls Struggle for an Education.” Retrieved January 11, 2018 (www.hrw.org/news/2017/10/17/...irls-struggle- education).
    • Kottak, Conrad Phillip and Kathryn A. Kozaitis. 2012. On Being Different: Diversity and Multiculturalism in the North American Mainstream. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
    • Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • Mizrachi, Nissim, Israel Drori, and Renee R. Anspach. 2007. “Repertoires of Trust: The Practice of Trust in a Multinational Organization Amid Political Conflict.” American Sociological Review. 72:143-165.
    • The National Academic Press. 1992. “Democratization in Africa: African Views, African Voices.” Retrieved August 4, 2018 (https://www.nap.edu/read/2041/chapter/4).

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