Key Terms Chapter 06: Groups and Organizations
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| Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregate | a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don’t interact or share a sense of identity | ||||
| Authoritarian Leader | a leader who issues orders and assigns tasks | ||||
| Bureaucracies | formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. | ||||
| Category | people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way | ||||
| Clear Division of Labor | the fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform | ||||
| Coercive Organizations | organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital | ||||
| Conformity | the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms | ||||
| Democratic Leader | a leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action | ||||
| Dyad | a two-member group | ||||
| Explicit Rules | the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized | ||||
| Expressive Function | a group function that serves an emotional need | ||||
| Expressive Leader | a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing | ||||
| Formal Organizations | large, impersonal organizations | ||||
| Group | any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity | ||||
| Hierarchy of Authority | a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy | ||||
| Impersonality | the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation | ||||
| In-group | a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity | ||||
| Instrumental Function | being oriented toward a task or goal | ||||
| Instrumental Leader | a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks | ||||
| Iron Rule of Oligarchy | the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration | ||||
| Laissez-faire Leader | a hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions | ||||
| Leadership Function | the main focus or goal of a leader | ||||
| Leadership Style | the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members | ||||
| McDonaldization of Society | the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions | ||||
| Meritocracy | a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills | ||||
| Normative or Voluntary Organizations | organizations that people join to pursue shared interests or because they provide some intangible rewards | ||||
| Out-group | a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with | ||||
| Primary Groups | small, informal groups of people who are closest to us | ||||
| Reference Groups | groups to which an individual compares herself | ||||
| Secondary Groups | larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited | ||||
| Total Institution | an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs | ||||
| Triad | a three-member group | ||||
| Utilitarian Organizations | organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need |